References July 2026 Issue

NUTRITION IN THE NEWS – Karen Voas-Wootton RD

  1. Ni J, Nishi SK, Babio N et al. Total and different types of olive oil consumption, gut microbiota, and cognitive function changes in older adults. Microbiome. 2026.14 doi: 10.1186/s40168-025-0206-4

  2. Matsumura S, Marutani M, Nousou E, et al. Wheat Flour Intake Promotes Weight Gain and Metabolic Changes in Mice. Molecular Nutrition.2026;70 doi:10.1002/mnfr.70394

  3. European Association for the Study of Obesity. Abstract 1854 presented at the European Congress on Obesity (ECO)

  4. Cardenas D, Burgos R, Rothenberg E .ESPEN practical guideline on ethical aspects of medical nutrition therapy. Clinical Nutrition. 2026.60

STARTING OUT IN FREELANCE PRACTICE: A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR DIETITIANS AND NUTRITIONISTS – Maria Margarida Beja RD

  1. Donnelly J, Lane R, Walsh L, Hughes R. Private practice dietetics: A scoping review of the literature. Nutrition & Dietetics. 2024;81:536-551. doi:10.1111/1747-0080.12877

  2. Harper C, Maher J. Investigating philosophies underpinning dietetic private practice. Behavioral Sciences. 2017;7:11. doi:10.3390/bs7010011

  3. ICO. Registration FAQs. ICO. https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/data-protection-fee/faqs-data-protection-fee-payment-and-online-registration/

  4. gov.uk. HM Revenue and Customs. Self-employment: detailed information. GOV.UK. Published February 12, 2024. https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/self-employment-detailed-information

  5. Engaging with the public about what they do via social media. The HCPC. Published August 31, 2024. https://www.hcpc-uk.org/standards/meeting-our-standards/communication-and-using-social-media/social-media-case-studies/engaging-with-the-public-about-what-they-do-via-social-media/

  6. BDA. Going freelance? British Dietetic Association. https://www.bda.uk.com/specialist-groups-and-branches/freelance-dietitians-specialist-group/going-freelance.html

  7. UK Voluntary Register of Nutritionists (UKVRN). AfN Standards for Independent and Freelance Practice (2022). https://www.associationfornutrition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/AfN-IP-Standards-Apr-23-final.pdf

ADULT EATING DISORDERS – Oana Oancea RD

  1. Keski-Rahkonen A, Mustelin L. Long-term outcomes and chronicity across eating disorders: a meta-analytic review. World Psychiatry. 2024.23(1)

  2. van Elburg AA et al. Treatment options and outcomes in severe and enduring anorexia nervosa. J Eat Disord. 2024.12:1006

  3. Touyz S, Le Grange D, Lacey H et al. Treating severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: a randomised controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2013.43:2501–2511

  4. O’Connor M et al. Harm reduction in severe and enduring eating disorders: a narrative review. J Eat Disord. 2024

  5. Fox JRE et al. Care pathways for longstanding eating disorders must offer paths to recovery, not managed decline. BJPsych Bull. 2024

  6. Smith K et al. Lived experience perspectives on the label “severe and enduring eating disorder”. J Eat Disord. 2025

THE FINAL WHISTLE: NUTRITION IN ATHLETIC RETIREMENT – Joanne Mainwaring, RD

  1. Jones L, Avner Z, Denison J. ‘After the Dust Settles’: Foucauldian Narratives of Retired Athletes ‘Re-orientation’ to Exercise. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 2022

  2. Simon JE, Docherty CL. Current Health-Related Quality of Life Is Lower in Former Division I Collegiate Athletes Than in Non–Collegiate Athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014.42:423-429

  3. Palmer D, Cooper DJ, Emery C, et al. Self-Reported sports injuries and later life health status in 3357 retired Olympians from 131 countries: a cross-sectional survey among those competing in the games between London 1948 and PyeongChang 2018. Br J Sports Med 2021.55:46–53

  4. Thornton J, Rosen C, Davenport M et al. Beyond the medals; a cross-sectional study exploring retired elite female athletes health. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2022. doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001479

  5. American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2016 48(3):543-568

  6. Bellomo G, Piscopo P, Corbo M et al. A systematic review on the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and neurocognitive disorders in professional and varsity athletes. Neurol Sci. 2022.43:6667-6691

  7. Nattiv A, Loucks AB, Manore MM, et al. American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The female athlete triad. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007.39(10):1867-82

  8. Dobranowska K, Plińska S, Dobosz A. Dietary and Lifestyle Management of Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients. 2024. 3;16(17):2967

  9. British Dietetic Association (2023) Osteoporisis and Diet. Food Facts by the British Dietetic Association. Available: https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/osteoporosis-diet.html  Accessed March 2026

  10. Raihan N, Cogburn M. Stages of Change Theory. [Updated 2023 Mar 6]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556005/

  11. Thomson J and Almstedt H. Intuitive eating and the female athlete triad in collegiate runners. Nutrients 2025.17:2337 doi:10.3390/nu17142337

  12. Katcher JA, Suminski RR, Pacanowski CR. Impact of an Intuitive Eating Intervention on Disordered Eating Risk Factors in Female-Identifying Undergraduates: A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022.19:12049

  13. Linardon J, Mitchell S. Rigid dietary control, flexible dietary control, and intuitive eating: Evidence for their differential relationship to disordered eating and body image concerns. Eat. Behav. 2017.26:16–22

  14. Van Dyke N, Drinkwater EJ. Relationships between intuitive eating and health indicators: literature review. Public Health Nutrition. 2014.17:1757–1766. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980013002139

  15. Towsin E. Intuitive eating explained: Benefits, principles and how to get started. British Dietetic Association. 2025. Available: https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/intuitive-eating-explained.html Accessed March 2026

  16. Tylka TL, Kroon Van Diest AM. The Intuitive Eating Scale-2: item refinement and psychometric evaluation with college women and men. J Couns Psychol 2013. 60 137–153

  17. Voorheis P, Silver M, Consonni J. Adaptation to life after sport for retired athletes: A scoping review of existing reviews and programs. PLoS ONE 2023.18(9): https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291683

  FOOD FOR THOUGHT: THE LONGEVITY LIE: ARE WE SACRIFICING LIVING NOW TO LIVE LONGER? – Priya Tew RD

  1. Guinane C, Cotter P. Role of the gut microbiota in health and chronic gastrointestinal disease: understanding a hidden metabolic organ. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. 2013.6:295-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756283x13482996

  2. Valencia S, Zuluaga M, Pérez M et al. Human Gut Microbiome: A Connecting Organ Between Nutrition, Metabolism, and Health. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025.26. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094112

  3. Athanasopoulou K, Adamopoulos P, Scorilas A. Unveiling the Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome: The Past, Present, and Future of Metagenomics. Biomedicines. 2023.11 https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030827

  4. Alexandre A, Mitchell AL, Boland M et al. A New Genomic Blueprint of the human Gut Microbiota. Nature.2019.568:499-504 doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0965-1

  5. Shen Y, Fan N, Ma S, Cheng X, Yang X, Wang G. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis: Pathogenesis, Diseases, Prevention, and Therapy. MedComm. 2025.6. https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70168

  6. Teh Z, Garcia-Maurino Alcazar C, Bhatia K. Overcoming barriers to gut microbiome development through nutritional factors in the first 1,000 days of life: strategies and implications for preventing non-communicable diseases. Gut Microbiome (Camb). 2025.10;6. doi:10.1017/gmb.2025.10014

  7. De Vos W, Tilg H, Van Hul M, Cani P. Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights. Gut. 2022. 71:1020-1032. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326789

  8. Hills R, Pontefract B, Mishcon H, Black C, Sutton S, Theberge C. Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease. Nutrients. 2019.11 https://doi.org/10.1159/000523712

  9. Durack J, Lynch S. The gut microbiome: Relationships with disease and opportunities for therapy. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2018.216:20-40 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20180448

  10. Singh R, Chang H, Yan D et al. Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health. Journal of Translational Medicine. 2017.15 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-017-1175-y

  11. So D, Whelan K, Rossi M et al. Dietary fiber intervention on gut microbiota composition in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2018. 107 6, 965-983 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy041

  12. Ray S, Shankaran P. Nutrition and the gut microbiome: a symbiotic dialogue influencing health and disease. Front. Nutr 2026.13 doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1761992

  13. Hou K, Wu ZX, Chen XY et al. Microbiota in health and diseases. Sig Transduct Target Ther. 2022. 7,135. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4

  14. Kho Z, Lal S. The Human Gut Microbiome – A Potential Controller of Wellness and Disease. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018.9.doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01835

  15. Kostic AD, Gevers D, Pedamallu CS et al. Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma. Genome Res. 2012.;22(2):292-8. doi: 10.1101/gr.126573.111

  16. O'Keefe SJ. Diet, microorganisms and their metabolites, and colon cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016.13(12):691-706. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.165

  17. Kang X, Lau H, Yu J. Modulating gut microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Harnessing microbes to enhance treatment efficacy. Cell Reports Medicine. 2024.5.doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101478

  18. Böhm D, Russ E, Guchelaar H et al. The role of the gut microbiota in chemotherapy response, efficacy and toxicity: a systematic review. NPJ Precision Oncology. 2025. doi:10.1038/s41698-025-01034-0

MYTH BUSTING WITH MADI – Madi Myers ANutr

  1. Longevity World. The Global Boom In Longevity Wellness. Available here: https://longevityworld.group/global-intelligence/the-global-boom-in-longevity-wellness

PRETERM FORMULA: AN OVERVIEW – Hazel Duncan RD

  1. Embleton ND, Moltu SJ, Lapillonne A et al. Enteral nutrition in preterm infants (2022): a position paper from the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition and invited experts. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2023.76:248-268. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000003642

  2. Moreira-Monteagudo M, Leirós-Rodríguez R, Marqués-Sánchez P. Effects of formula milk feeding in premature infants: a systematic review. Children (Basel). 2022.9:150. doi:10.3390/children9020150

  3. Kumar M, Upadhyay J, Basu S. Fortification of human milk with infant formula for very low birth weight preterm infants: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021.58:253-258. doi:10.1080/14767058.2020.1712711

  1. Boyd CA, Quigley MA, Brocklehurst P. Donor breast milk versus infant formula for preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2007.92:F169-F175. doi:10.1136/adc.2005.089490

  2. Klein CJ. Nutrient requirements for preterm infant formulas. J Nutr. 2002.132:1395S-1577S. doi:10.1093/jn/132.6.1395S

FROM CLINIC TO CLICK: Evolving methods of low-FODMAP education in IBS care – Sandeepa Soni RD

  1. NICE 2023.When should I suspect irritable bowel syndrome?. Available here: https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/irritable-bowel-syndrome/diagnosis/diagnosis/

  2. Colgan et al. A dietitian led FODMAP diet webinar: a pre-post study evaluating its impact on symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 2024.37:396-407

  3. Chan et al. A feasibility study investigating the impact of a dietitian led low in fermentable oligosaccharide and polyols diet group education programme with irritable bowel syndrome. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 2020.133

  4. Dimidi et al. Optimizing educational methods for the low FODMAP diet in disorders of gut-brain interaction: A feasibility randomized controlled trial. Neurogastroenterology & Motility. 2023.35:e14640

  5. O’Keefe et al. Who should deliver the low FODMAP diet and what educational methods are optimal: A review. Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2017.32:23-26

  6. Martin et al. Comparison of a 4 week versus 8-week dietitian led FODMAP diet group education sessions in tertiary care clinical practice for irritable bowel syndrome: A service evaluation. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 2024.37:1582-1593

  7. Ankersen et al. What’s ‘App-ening’ the help of new technologies in nutrition in digestive diseases. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2017.20: 426–431

  8. Rafferty et al. A novel mobile app (Heali) for disease treatment in participants with irritable bowel syndrome: Randomized Controlled Pilot trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021.23

THE FUTURE OF DIETETICS: MY PLACEMENT WITH THE MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME UK PATIENT SUPPORT GROUP – Charlotte Golshetti, Student

  1. Hasserjian RP, Germing U, Malcovati L. Diagnosis and classification of myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2023.142:2247-2257 doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2023020078

  2. Preisler HD, Goldstein IM, Henderson ES. Gastrointestinal ‘sterilization’ in the treatment of patients with acute leukemia. Cancer. 1970. 26:1076-1081 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(197011)6:5%3C1076::aid-cncr2820260516%3E3.0.co;2-d

  3. Gulliver T, Hewett M, Konstantopoulos P, Tran L, Mantzioris E. The neutropenic diet and its impacts on clinical, nutritional, and lifestyle outcomes for people with cancer: a scoping review. Journal of Nutritional Science. 2024.13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2024.61

  4. Jahns L, Hübner J, Mensger C, Mathies V. A Neutropenic Diet in Haemato-Oncological Patients Receiving High-Dose Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2025.17:768-768. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17050768

  5. Ma Y, Lu X, Liu H. Neutropenic Diet Cannot Reduce the Risk of Infection and Mortality in Oncology Patients with Neutropenia. Frontiers in Oncology. 2022.12. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.836371

  6. van Dalen EC, Mank A, Leclercq E et al. Low bacterial diet versus control diet to prevent infection in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy causing episodes of neutropenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Published online April 24, 2016. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd006247.pub3

  7. BDA. Neutropenic Dietary Advice for Haematology Patients. Published May 2023. https://www.bda.uk.com/resource-report/neutropenic-dietary-advice-for-haematology-patients.html

TOP TIPS ON READING NUTRITION RESEARCH WITH CONFIDENCE – Lynsey Richards RD

  1. Chidambaram AG, Josephson M. Clinical research study designs: The essentials. Pediatric Investigation. 2019. 3: 245–252 https://doi.org/10.1002/ped4.12166

  2. Vatkar A, Kale S, Shyam A, Srivastava S. Understanding the Levels of Evidence in Medical Research. Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports. 2025. 5: 6–9 https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i05.5534

PKU – REACHING FOR NEW TREATMENTS BY UNDERSTANDING THE LIVED EXPERIENCE – Suzanne Ford RD

  1. van Wegberg A, MacDonald A, Ahring K et al. European guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of phenylketonuria: First revision. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 2025.145:109125

  2. Van Wegberg A, MacDonald A, Ahring K et al. The complete European guidelines on phenylketonuria: diagnosis and treatment. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2017.12.162

  3. Pandor A, Eastham J, Beverley C, et al. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of neonatal screening for inborn errors of metabolism using tandem mass spectrometry: a systematic review. 2004. In: NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme: Executive Summaries. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2003. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK62237/

  4. MacDonald A, Van Wegberg A, Ahring K. PKU dietary handbook to accompany PKU guidelines. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2020.15.171

  5. Evans S, Arbuckle C, Ashmore C et al. UK Patient Access to Low-Protein Prescription Foods in Phenylketonuria (PKU): An Uneasy Path. Nutrients. 2025.17:392

  6. Coughlin S et al. Health Literacy, Social Determinants of Health, and Disease Prevention and Control. Journal of Environment and Health Sciences. 2020.6(1)3061

  7. Muntau A, Adams D, Bélanger-Quintana A et al. International best practice for the evaluation of responsiveness to sapropterin dihydrochloride in patients with phenylketonuria. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 2019.127(1):1-11

  8. MacDonald A, Smith T, de Silva S et al; The personal burden for caregivers of children with phenylketonuria: A cross-sectional study investigating time burden and costs in the UK; Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports. 2016. 9:1–5

  9. Medford E, Hare D, Carpenter K et al. Treatment adherence and psychological wellbeing in maternal carers of children with phenylketonuria (PKU). JIMD Reports,2017. 37: 107-114

  10. Ford S, O'Driscoll M, MacDonald A. Prescribing issues experienced by people living with phenylketonuria in the UK; Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2019.21

  11. Walter J et al. How practical are recommendations for dietary control in phenylketonuria? The Lancet. 2002.360(9326):55-7

  12. Romani C, Huijbregts S, van Spronsen F. Meta-analysis of cognitive outcomes in children and adults with early treated phenylketonuria – Results across functions. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 2025.109210

  13. Altman G, Hussain K, Green D et al. Mental health diagnoses in adults with phenylketonuria: a retrospective systematic audit in a large UK single centre. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2021.16: 520

  14. Reach G.Phenylketonuria as an Adherence Disease. Patient Preference and Adherence. 2025.19:1059–1073 https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S512719

  15. Longo N, van Spronsen F, Muntau A et al. P047: Interim results from the APHENITY extension study: Sepiapterin reduces blood Phe with improved dietary Phe tolerance in participants with phenylketonuria. Genetics in Medicine Open. 2025.3

  16. Giżewska M, Inwood A, Tyčová R, Vijay S, Fjellbirkeland O, van Spronsen F, Venegas-Moreno EM, Guilder L, Burlina A, Peters H, Potter M, Grošelj U, Chakrapani A, Bélanger-Quintana A, Maillot F, Rutsch F, Arnoux JB, Tchan M, Ingalls K, Zhao Z, Hughes C, Smith N, Muntau AC. Efficacy and safety of sepiapterin versus sapropterin in patients with phenylketonuria: Results from the Phase 3, randomized, crossover, open-label, active-controlled AMPLIPHY trial. Metabolism. 2026 May;178:156513. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2026.156513. Epub 2026 Jan 28. PMID: 41616812.

  17. Harding C, Longo N, Viader A et al. O01: Efficacy and safety outcomes of JNT-517, a first-in-class SLC6A19 inhibitor, in adults with phenylketonuria: A randomized study. Genetics in Medicine Open. 2025.3

  18. Abdel-Magid AF. Inhibitors of the Neutral Amino Acid Transporter SLC6A19 May Treat Diseases or Disorders Associated with Abnormal Amino Acid Metabolism, Epithelial Amino Acid Transport, and/or Amino Acid Levels. ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 2026.

  19. Pinto A, Gerrard A, Vijay S et al. Point-of-Care Testing in PKU: A New ERA of Blood Phenylalanine Monitoring. Nutrients. 2025.17:3800

  20. Ford S, O'Driscoll M, MacDonald A. Living with Phenylketonuria: Lessons from the PKU community. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports. 2018. 17:57-63

  21. Ford S, O'Driscoll M, MacDonald A. Reproductive experience of women living with phenylketonuria. Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2018.17:64-68

  22. Hall I, Pinto A, Evans S et al. The Challenges and Dilemmas of Interpreting Protein Labelling of Prepackaged Foods Encountered by the PKU Community. Nutrients. 2022.14:1355

  23. Newbould E, Pinto A, Evans S et al. Accidental consumption of aspartame in phenylketonuria: patient experiences. Nutrients. 2021.13:707

  24. Cassidy S, Evans S, Pinto A et al. Parent’s Perception of the Types of Support Given to Families with an Infant with Phenylketonuria. Nutrients. 2023.15:2328

  25. Jones H, Pinto A, Evans S et al. Provision and supervision of food and protein substitute in school for children with PKU: Parent experiences. Nutrients. 2021.13: 3863

  26. Poole G, Pinto A, Evans S et al. Hungry for change: the experiences of people with PKU, and their caregivers, when eating out. Nutrients. 2022.14(3):626

  27. Kuypers A, Evers-van Vliet K, MacDonald A et al. Satisfaction with home blood sampling methods and expectations for future point-of-care testing in phenylketonuria: Perspectives from patients and professionals. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 2024:108361

MYTH BUSTING WITH MADI – Madi Myers ANutr

  1. The Food Foundation (2024). Rethinking Plant-Based Meat Alternatives. Available at: https://foodfoundation.org.uk/sites/default/files/2024-08/Rethinking%20Plant-Based%20Meat%20Alternatives.pdf

  2. The Vegan Society (2026). The future of vegan food and drink – what's coming in 2026? Available at: https://www.vegansociety.com/news/blog/TM2026/future-vegan-food-and-drink-2026

RENAL DISEASE STAGE 5 (CKD 5) – Katy Stuart RD

  1. Kidney Care UK, Key facts about kidneys (2026). https://kidneycareuk.org/kidney-disease-information/about-kidney-health/facts-about-kidneys/#:~:text=When%20your%20kidneys%20fail%2C%20harmful,Albert%20Hall%20nine%20times%20over)

  2. Kidney Care, How is CKD diagnosed? (2026). https://kidneycareuk.org/kidney-disease-information/kidney-conditions/patient-info-ckd-chronic-kidney-disease/#ckd-diagnosis

  3. UKKA, Renal Registry Association UK, Renal Registry Summary of Annual Report (2023). https://www.ukkidney.org/sites/default/files/documents/Adult%20Data.pdf

  4. NHS, Kidney Disease (2026). https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/

  5. The National Kidney Foundation, Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (2023). https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/stage-5-chronic-kidney-disease-ckd

  6. National Institute for Health Care and Excellence, Chronic kidney disease: assessment and management NG203 (2021). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng203

  7. Kidney Care, Choosing Conservative Management (2026). https://kidneycareuk.org/kidney-disease-information/treatments/choosing-conservative-kidney-management

  8. Fresenius Medical Care, What is the NxStage System One (2026). https://freseniusmedicalcare.com/en-gb/healthcare-professionals/home-therapies/home-hemodialysis/nxstage-system-one/

  9. Saha N, Allon M. Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Haemodialysis Emergencies (2017). Review Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, Feb 7;12(2):357-369. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831511/

  10. Salame C, Eaton S, Grimble G, Davenport A. Protein Losses and Urea Nitrogen Underestimate Total Nitrogen Losses in Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis Patients 2018. J Ren Nutr Sep;28(5):317-323. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29709365/

  11. Pstras L, Ronco C, Tattersall J. Basic physics of hemodiafiltration (2022). Review Semin Dial Sep;35(5):390-404

  12. Sabatino A, Regolisti G, Karupaiah S, Sahathevan B, Sadu Singh BK, Khor BH, Salhad N, Karavetian M, Cupisti A, Fiaccadori E. Protein-energy wasting and nutritional supplementation in patients with end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis (2017). Clin NutrJun;36(3):663-671. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27371993/

  13. Ikizler T, Burrowes J, Byham-Gray L, Campbell K, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD: 2020 Update Am J Kidney Disease Sep;76(3 Suppl 1):S1-S107. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32829751/

  14. Leal-Escobar G, Osuna-Padilla IA, Vásquez-Jiménez E, Cano-Escobar KB. Nutrición y diálisis peritoneal: fundamentos y aspectos prácticos para la prescripción dietética [Nutrition and peritoneal dialysis: Fundaments and practical aspects for dietary prescription]. 2021 Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. Aug 2;59(4):330-338. Spanish. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35015470/

  15. Kashiwagi T, Sato K, Kawakami S, Kiyomoto M, Enomoto M, Suzuki T, Genei H, Nakada H, Iino Y, Katayama Y. Effects of reduced dialysis fluid flow in hemodialysis. 2013. J Nippon Med Sch;80(2):119-30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23657065/

  16. Bansal S, Pergola PE. Current Management of Hyperkalaemia in Patients on Dialysis. Kidney Int Rep. 2020 Feb 26;5(6):779-789

  17. National Kidney Foundation, Dialysis (2023). https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/dialysis

  18. Pstras L, Ronco C, Tattersall J. Basic physics of hemodiafiltration (2022). Semin Dial Sep;35(5):390-404. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35869627/

  19. Laperrousaz S, Drepper VJ. Tour d'horizon de la dialyse péritonéale [Overview of peritoneal dialysis] (2016). Rev Med Suisse. Feb 24;12(507):408-12. French. PMID: 27039607. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27039607/

  20. Kidney Research UK (2026). Automated Peritoneal Dialysis. https://www.kidneyresearchuk.org/kidney-health-information/living-with-kidney-disease/care-and-treatments-for-people-with-kidney-failure/automated-peritoneal-dialysis/

  21. Moriles KE, Harb A, Rout P. Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis. [Updated 2025 Dec 13]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK574525/

  22. Wolfson M, Jones MR. Nutrition impact of peritoneal dialysis solutions. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1999 Jul-Dec;25(4-6):333-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10681661/

  23. Baxter, Home Haemodialysis, 2026. https://uk.mykidneyjourney.com/treatment-options/home-haemodialysis

  24. Clark WR, Turk JE Jr. The NxStage System One. Semin Dial. 2004 Mar-Apr;17(2):167-70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15043625/

  25. Naylor HL, Jackson H, Walker GH, Macafee S, Magee K, Hooper L, Stewart L, MacLaughlin HL. Renal Nutrition Group of the British Dietetic Association; British Dietetic Association. British Dietetic Association evidence-based guidelines for the protein requirements of adults undergoing maintenance haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013 Aug;26(4):315-28

  26. British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (2014). Management of malnutrition in patients receiving haemodialysis Decision Tree. https://www.bapen.org.uk/pdfs/decision-trees/management-haemodialysis.pdf

  27. Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (2024). https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/KDIGO-2024-CKD-Guideline.pdf

  28. Duong TV, Wong TC, Su CT, Chen HH et al. Associations of dietary macronutrients and micronutrients with the traditional and nontraditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease among haemodialysis patients: A clinical cross-sectional study (2018). Medicine (Baltimore). Jun;97(26):e11306. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29953017/

  29. Dr Mark Wright and Dr Colin Jones. UK Renal Association, Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2009-2010, Nutrition in CKD 5th Edition. https://www.ukkidney.org/sites/renal.org/files/nutrition-in-ckd-5th-edition-1.pdf

  30. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kopple JD. Trace elements and vitamins in maintenance dialysis patients (2003). Adv Ren Replace Ther.Jul;10(3):170-82. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14708071/

  31. Suhail A, Himmelfarb J. The ABCs of Micronutrients in Dialysis 2010. Am J Kidney Dis Sep;56(3):431-3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20728789/

  32. Physiopedia, 30 Seconds Sit To Stand Test (2026) https://www.physio-pedia.com/30_Seconds_Sit_To_Stand_Test#:~:text=The%2030%2Dsecond%20chair%20stand,20%20for%20more%20fit%20individuals

  33. Mikami R, Mizutani K, Gohda T, Matsuyama Y, Gotoh H et al. Malnutrition–inflammation–atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome associates with periodontitis in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study. 2023 Sci Rep Jul 21;13(1):11805. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10361958/

  34. Lambert K, Lightfoot CJ, Jegatheesan DK, Gabrys I, Bennett PN (2022). Physical activity and exercise recommendations for people receiving dialysis: A scoping review. PLoS One. Apr 28;17(4). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9049336/

  35. Ashby D, Borman N, Burton J, Corbett R et al (2019). Renal Association Clinical Practice Guideline on Haemodialysis. BMC Nephrol. Oct 17;20(1):379. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6798406/

  36. Jung TD, Park SH. Intradialytic exercise programs for hemodialysis patients. Chonnam Med J. 2011 Aug;47(2):61-5. doi: 10.4068/cmj.2011.47.2.61. Epub 2011 Aug 31. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3214879/#:~:text=Furthermore%2C%20many%20specific%20exercises%20can,be%20monitored%20during%20resistance%20exercise

  37. Milam R, 2016.Exercise Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Journal of Renal Nutrition, 26, e23-e25. https://www.jrnjournal.org/article/S1051-2276(16)00050-9/fulltext#:~:text=Structured%20activities%20include%20aerobic%2C%20strength,living%20life%20to%20its'%20fullest.

  38. The Renal Association (2021). Clinical Practice Guideline Exercise and Lifestyle in Chronic Kidney Disease. https://www.ukkidney.org/sites/default/files/Exercise%20and%20Lifestyle%20in%20CKD%20clinical%20practice%20guideline33_v4_FINAL_0.pd

  39. UK Kidney Association (2021). Exercise and Lifestyle in Chronic Kidney Disease. https://www.ukkidney.org/health-professionals/guidelines/exercise-and-lifestyle-chronic-kidney-disease40 

  40. Rhee SY, Song JK, Hong SC, Choi JW et al (2019). Intradialytic exercise improves physical function and reduces intradialytic hypotension and depression in haemodialysis patients. Korean J Intern Med. May;34(3):588-598. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5d839543ed915d52428dc134/uk-chief-medical-officers-physical-activity-guidelines.pdf

  41. Greenwood S, Koufaki P, Macdonald J. 2021. Randomized Trial—PrEscription of intraDialytic exercise to improve quAlity of Life in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis. Kidney International Reports, 6, 2159-2170. https://www.kireports.org/articl/S2468-0249(21)01217-1/fulltext

  42. Lobbedez T, Pujo M, el Haggan W, Hurault de Ligny B, Levaltier B, Ryckelynck JP (2003). Prévention de la dénutrition chez les patients traités par la dialyse péritonéale [Prevention of malnutrition in peritoneal dialysis patients]. Nephrologie.24(7):387-9. French. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14650752/

TOP TIPS ON READING NUTRITION RESEARCH WITH CONFIDENCE – Lynsey Richards RD

  1. Musarrat R, Sidrah L. Beyond BMI: Exploring obesity trends in the South Asian region. Obesity Pillars. 2025.13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100156

  2. Caleyachetty R, Barber TM, Mohammed NI et al. Ethnicity-specific BMI cutoffs for obesity based on type 2 diabetes risk in England: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021.9:419-426. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00088-7. Epub 2021 May 11. Erratum in: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021.;9 doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00151-0

  3. Williams ED, Stamatakis E, Chandola T, Hamer M. Assessment of physical activity levels in South Asians in the UK: findings from the Health Survey for England. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011.65:517-21. doi:10.1136/jech.2009.102509

  4. Dubbert PM, Carithers T, Sumner AE et al. Obesity, physical inactivity, and risk for cardiovascular disease. Am J Med Sci. 2002.324:116-26. doi:10.1097/00000441-200209000-00002

  5. Chudyk A, Petrella RJ. Effects of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:1228-37 doi:10.2337/dc10-1881

  6. Gill JM, Celis-Morales CA, Ghouri N. Physical activity, ethnicity and cardio-metabolic health: does one size fit all? Atherosclerosis. 2014.232(2):319-33. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.039

  7. Ghouri N, Purves D, McConnachie A et al. Lower cardiorespiratory fitness contributes to increased insulin resistance and fasting glycaemia in middle-aged South Asian compared with European men living in the UK. Diabetologia. 2013.56:2238-49. doi:10.1007/s00125-013-2969-y

Read the latest issue? Check out the back issues library for more!

BACK ISSUES