References December 25 issue 205

NUTRITION IN THE NEWS – by Karen Voas-Wootton, RD

  1. Biesiekierski JR, Jonkers D, Ciacci C, Aziz I. Non‑coeliac gluten sensitivity. The Lancet. 2025;22 Oct doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01533-8 

  2. Boege H, Wilson K, Kilkus J, et al. Higher daytime intake of fruits and vegetables predicts less disrupted nighttime sleep in younger adults. Sleep Health.2025;11(5)590-596. Doi.10.1016/j.sleh.2025.05.003

  3. British Nutrition Foundation Position Statement on Sweeteners. Accessed October 24, 2025;  https://www.nutrition.org.uk/news/joint-position-statement-on-sweeteners

  4. Evans R, O’Flaherty M, Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra, et al. The estimated impact of mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labelling policies on adult obesity prevalence and obesity-related mortality in England: a modelling study. The Lancet Regional Health – Europe. 2025; Online first 101506. https://www.thelisa.com/pdfs/journals/lanepe/PIIS2666-7762(25)00298-4.pdf

  5. Andrade T,  Arbach C, de Oliveira Garcia A, et al. Exploring new plant-based products: Acceptance of sunflower meal as a protein source in meat alternative products. 2025;209:116158. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116158

MYTH BUSTING WITH MADI – by Madi Myers, ANutr

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  2. Abioye AI, et al. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2021; 6(1). doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003176

  3. Hemilä H, Chalker E. Vitamin C reduces the severity of common colds: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2023;11;23(1):2468. doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17229-8

  4. El-Saadony MT, et al. Garlic bioactive substances and their therapeutic applications for improving human health: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol. 2024;June. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1277074

  5. Eccles R. Common cold. Front Allergy. 2023;4:1224988. doi:10.3389/falgy.2023.1224988

  6. de Frel D, Atsma D, Pijl H et al. The Impact of Obesity and Lifestyle on the Immune System and Susceptibility to Infections Such as COVID-19. Review Front Nutr. 2020; 19:7:597600. doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.597600

  7. Zhao Y, Rong Dong B, Hao Q. Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022; 8(8): doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006895.pub4.

COGNITIVE HEALTH: THE IMPACT OF DIET AND NUTRITION – by Katy Stuart, RD

  1. Medical News Today. Healthy eating habits can help prevent cognitive decline later in life. Kathryn Lang 2024 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/healthy-eating-habits-may-prevent-cognitive-decline

  2. Ekstrand B, Scheers N, Rasmussen M, Young J, Ross A, Landberg R. Brain foods - the role of diet in brain performance and health. Nutrition Reviews. 2021;79(6)693–708. https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article-abstract/79/6/693/5912697?redirectedFrom=fulltext

  3. American Heart Association. 2024. Food for thought: How diet affects the brain over a lifetime by Laura Williamson. https://www.heart.org/en/news/2024/09/27/food-for-thought-how-diet-affects-the-brain-over-a-lifetime

  4. Barbey A, Davis T. Nutrition and the Brain – Exploring Pathways for Optimal Brain Health Through Nutrition: A Call for Papers. Journal of the American Society of Nutrition 2023;153, (12)3349-3351. https://jn.nutrition.org/article/S0022-3166(23)72686-2/fulltext

  5. Penchyna Nieto MR. The impact of nutrition on people's cognitive development, J. Nutrition and Food Processing.2024;7(9).

  6. Puri, S, Shaheen, M, Grover B. Nutrition and cognitive health: A life course approach. Front Public Health. 2023; Mar 27;11:1023907. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083484/

  7. Melzer, T, Manosso, L, Suk-yu, Y, Gil-Mohapel, J, Brocardo. In Pursuit of Healthy Aging: Effects of Nutrition on Brain Function. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;10;22(9):5026. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8126018/

  8. Blows W. Neurotransmitters of the brain: serotonin, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine. Journal of Neurosciences Nursing. 2000;32(4):234-8. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/nutritional-psychiatry-your-brain-on-food-201511168626

  9. Curi, K, Schilder, N, Adolphus, K, et al. The dynamic influence of nutrition on prolonged cognitive healthspan across the life course: A perspective. Neuroscience Applied Volume 2024; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772408524001376

  10. Cunnane S, Nugent S, Roy M, et al. Brain fuel metabolism, aging and Alzheimer’s disease.  Nutrition. 2010 29;27(1):3–20. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3478067/

  11. Steffan, D, Pezzini, C, Esposito, M, Franco-Romero, A. 2015. Mitochondrial Aging in the CNS: Unravelling Implications for Neurological Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2025, 15(9), 1252.

  12. The Institute for Functional Medicine, Nutrition: A Key Modulator of Cognitive Health 2018. https://www.ifm.org/articles/nutrition-cognitive-health

  13. The Antioxidant Edge: Measuring and Protecting Your Brain’s Resilience Against Ageing by Patrick Hulford. 2025. Food For The Brain Foundation. https://foodforthebrain.org/the-antioxidant-edge-measuring-and-protecting-your-brains-resilience-against-ageing/

  14. Clapp M. Gut microbiota’s effect on mental health: The gut-brain axis. Clinical practice 2017; 15;7(4):987.

  15. John Hopkins Medicine Centre, 2025. The Brain-Gut Connection. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/the-brain-gut-connection

  16. Maggi, S, Ticinesi, A, Limongi, F, Noale, M, Ecarnot, F. The role of nutrition and the Mediterranean diet on the trajectories of cognitive decline. Experimental Gerontology 2023; 173 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556523000311

  17. Clapp M. Gut microbiota’s effect on mental health: The gut-brain axis. Clinical practice 2017; 15;7(4):987. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5641835/#:~:text=The%20bidirectional%20communication%20between%20the,prevention%20of%20anxiety%20and%20depression.

  18. Food For The Brain Foundation. 2025. Is Veganuary Detrimental to Brain and Cognitive Health? https://foodforthebrain.org/is-veganuary-detrimental-to-brain-and-cognitive-health/

  19. Age UK. 2025. Diet and brain health by Dr Michelle Luciano. https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/health-wellbeing/mind-body/staying-sharp/looking-after-your-thinking-skills/diet-and-brain-health/

  20. The Cleveland Clinic. 2025. Homocysteine. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21527-homocysteine

  21. Good Omega-3, Homocysteine & Vitamin D Status Cuts the Risk of Dementia to a Quarter by Patrick Hulford. 2025 Food For The Brain Foundation. https://foodforthebrain.org/good-omega-3-homocysteine-vitamin-d-status-cuts-the-risk-of-dementia-to-a-quarter/

  22. Polls, B, Sampson, A. Enhancing cognitive function in older adults: dietary approaches and implications. Front. Nutrition Sec. Nutrition, Psychology and Brain Health 2024;11. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1286725/full

  23. Timlin, D, McCormack, J, Kerr, M, Keaver, L, Simpson, E. The MIND diet, cognitive function, and well-being among healthy adults at midlife: a randomised feasibility trial. BMC Nutrition 2025;(11)59. https://bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40795-025-01020-6

  24. Gutierrez L, Folch A, Roja, Cantero J, et al. Effects of Nutrition on Cognitive Function in Adults with or without Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021;13(11) https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3728

  25. The Mayo Clinic. 2023. Mediterranean diet for heart health.

  26. Morris, M, Tangney, C, Wang, Y, Sacks, F, Barnes, L, Benett, D, Aggarwal, N. 2015. MIND diet slows cognitive decline with aging. Alzheimers Dement. 2015 Jun 15;11(9):1015–1022. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4581900/#:~:text=Open%20in%20a%20new%20tab,h

NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO OPTIMISE COGNITIVE HEALTH – by Harriet Lucking, RD

  1. Melzer TM, Manosso LM, Yau SY, Gil-Mohapel J, Brocardo PS. In Pursuit of Healthy Ageing: Effects of Nutrition on Brain Function. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021;22;9 doi:10.3390/ijms22095026

  2. Gardener S, Rainey-Smith S. The Role of Nutrition in Cognitive Function and Brain Ageing in the Elderly. Current Nutrition Reports 2018;7:139-149 doi:10.1007/s13668-018-0229-y

  3. Ekstrand BN, Scheers MK, Rasmussen JF et al  Brain Foods - The Role of Diet in Brain Performance and Health. Nutrition Reviews 2021;79(6)693-708 doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa091

  4. Korczak R, Jones JM, Pena RJ, Braun HJ. Carbohydrates and Their Grain Sources: A Review on Their Relationships to Brain Health; 2016

  5. Monti J, Moulton C, Cohen N. The Role of Nutrition on Cognition and Brain Health in Ageing: A Targeted Approach. Nutrition Research Reviews. 2015.28 (2)167-180. doi:10.1017/S0954422415000141

  6. Meeusen, R. Exercise, Nutrition and the Brain. Sports Medicine 2014(44);47–56. doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0150-5.

  7. Vlahoyiannis A, Aphamis G, Andreou E et al. Effects of High vs. Low Glycemic Index of Post-Exercise Meals on Sleep and Exercise Performance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Counterbalanced Polysomnographic Study. Nutrients 2018;10(11)1795 doi: 10.3390/nu10111795

  8. Benton D, Bloxham A, Gaylor C et al. Carbohydrate and Sleep: An Evaluation of Putative Mechanisms. Frontiers in Nutrition 2022;933-898 doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.933898

  9. Kim C, Schilder N, Adolphus K, et al. The Dynamic Influence of Nutrition on Prolonged Cognitive Healthspan Across the Life Course: A Perspective Review. Neuroscience Applied 2024;3:104072. doi:org/10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104072

  10. Schurr A. Cerebral Glycolysis: A Century of Persistent Misunderstanding and Misconception. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2014;8(360) doi:org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00360

  11. Morris MC, Tangney CC, Wang Y, et al. MIND diet associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2015;11(9)1007-1014. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.11.009

  12. Devore E, Kang J, Stampfer M, Grodstein F. The Association of Antioxidants and Cognition in the Nurses' Health Study. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2013;177(1)33-41 doi: 10.1093/aje/kws202

  13. Chen X, Maguire B, Brodaty H, O'Leary F. Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Health in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2019;(67)583-619 doi: 10.3233/JAD-180468

  14. Morris MC, Wang Y, Barnes L, et al. Nutrients and bioactives in green leafy vegetables and cognitive decline: Prospective study. Neurology 2018;90(3)214–222 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004815

  15. Devranis P, Vassilopoulou E, Tsironis V, et al. Mediterranean Diet, Ketogenic Diet or MIND Diet for Ageing Populations with Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review'. Life. 2023(13)173 doi:10.3390/life13010173

  16. Park SY, et al. The MIND Diet and Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Among Five Racial and Ethnic Groups in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2025;9(2)106-493 doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.020

  17. Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M. MIND diet and cognitive performance in older adults: A systematic review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2022;62.8059-8077 doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1925220

  18. van Soest AP, Beers S, van de Rest O, et al. The Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet for the Aging Brain: A Systematic Review. Advances in Nutrition. 2024;(15) doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100184

  19. Akbar Z, Fituri S, Ouagueni A, et al. Associations of the MIND Diet with Cardiometabolic Diseases and Their Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity. 2023;(16)3353–337 doi:10.2147/DMSO.S427412

  20. Kim C, Schilder N, Adolphus L, et al. The Dynamic Influence of Nutrition on Prolonged Cognitive Healthspan Across the Life Course: A Perspective Review. Neuroscience Applied. 2024;3:104-072 doi:10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104072

  21. Gong Y, Chen H, Gu Y, et al. Healthy dietary patterns in relation to cognitive performance and Alzheimer's disease mortality. Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. 2025;12.100-100 doi:10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100100

  22. Wesołowska W, Bachoń E, Doligalska M, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Key Players in Cognitive Function and Brain Health. Poznań: Poznan University of Medical Sciences

  23. Strobel C, Jahreis G, Kuhnt K. Survey of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish and fish products. Lipids Health Dis. 2012;(11)144 doi:10.1186/1476-511X-11-144

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  26. Bulk (2025) Brain Health Capsules [9/10/25] https://www.bulk.com

  27. Holland and Barrett (2025) Vitabiotics: Neuromind https://www.hollandandbarrett.com

  28. PureSport (2025) Lion’s Mane in the Brain https://puresport.co

  29. Maqbool T, Sharif H, Majid R, et al. Natural nootropics and cognitive enhancement: A critical review of herbal neuroprotective agents. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Life Sciences 2025;8(2) doi:10.31580/pjmls.v8i2.3330

  30. Cha S, Bell L, Shukitt-Hale B, Williams CM. A review of the effects of mushrooms on mood and neurocognitive health across the lifespan. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2024;158 doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105548

  31. Bell V, Dimitrov P, Fernandes T. Supporting Neurologic Health with Mushroom Nutrition. Nutrients. 2025;17(9)156 doi:org/10.3390/nu17091568

  32. Surendran G, Saye J, Binti Mohd Jalil S, et al. Acute effects of a standardised extract of Hericium erinaceus (Lion's Mane mushroom) on cognition and mood in healthy younger adults: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2025;12. doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1405796

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PREVENTING EATING DISORDER DEATHS: REFLECTIONS FROM DELIVERING A PETITION TO DOWNING STREET – by Priya Tew, RD

  1. The All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) on Eating Disorders (2025) www.dumpthescales.org/_files/ugd/7a0e74_6c358ee12f7149b58fd8eff7b2373f85.pdf

PREGNANCY AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES – by Aqsa Mahmood, RNutr

  1. Catalano PM. Trying to understand gestational diabetes. Diabetic Medicine. 2014;31(3)273-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12381

  2. Ye W, Luo C, Huang J, Li C, Liu Z & Liu F. Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2022;377 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-067946

  3. Kampmann U. Gestational diabetes: A clinical update. World Journal of Diabetes. 2015;6(8), 1065. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i8.1065

  4. Lin P-C, Hung C-H, Chan T-F, Lin K-C, Hsu Y-Y & Ya-Ling Tzeng. The risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus: A retrospective study. Midwifery. 2016;(42)16-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2016.09.008

  5. Modzelewski R, Stefanowicz-Rutkowska MM, Matuszewski W & Bandurska-Stankiewicz EM. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Recent Literature Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022;11(19) https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195736

  6. Zhang C, Rawal S & Chong YS. Risk factors for gestational diabetes: is prevention possible? Diabetologia. 2016;59(7)1385-1390 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-3979-3

  7. Li F, Hu Y, Zeng J, Zheng L, Ye P, Wei D & Chen D. Analysis of risk factors related to gestational diabetes mellitus. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;59(5),718-722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2020.07.016

  8. Hanna F, Wu P, Heald A, Fryer AA. Diabetes detection in women with gestational diabetes and polycystic ovarian syndrome. BMJ; 2023; https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-071675

  9. McIntyre HD, Catalano P, Zhang C, Desoye G, Mathiesen ER, Damm P. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. 2019; Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0098-8

  10. Simmons D, Jincy Immanuel, Hague WM, et al. Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed Early in Pregnancy. 2023;The New England Journal of Medicine, 388(23). https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2214956

  11. Malaza N, Masete M, Adam S, Dias S, Nyawo T & Pheiffer C. A Systematic Review to Compare Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Pregestational Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710846

  12. Meek CL, Lewis HB, Patient C, Murphy HR, Simmons D. Diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus: falling through the net. Diabetologia. 2015;58(9)2003-2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3647-z

  13. Rani PR. Screening and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Where Do We Stand. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2016;10(4). https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2016/17588.7689

  14. Shepherd E, Gomersall JC, Tieu J, Han S, Crowther CA, Middleton P. Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017;11(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd010443.pub3

  15. Filardi T, Panimolle F, Crescioli C, Lenzi A, Morano S. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Impact of Carbohydrate Quality in Diet. Nutrients. 2019;11(7)1549. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071549

  16. Rasmussen L, Poulsen CW, Kampmann U, Smedegaard SB, Ovesen PG, Fuglsang J. Diet and Healthy Lifestyle in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients. 2020;12(10), 3050. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103050

  17. US Department of Health and Human Services. Managing Gestational Diabetes (nd). https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pubs/Documents/managing_gestational_diabetes.pdf

  18. Sweeting A, Hannah W, Backman H. Epidemiology and management of gestational diabetes. Lancet. 2024; 404(10448) doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00825-0

AN INTRODUCTION TO NUTRITION SUPPORT IN ACUTE PANCREATITIS – by Maria Margarida Beja, RD

  1. UK guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. Gut [Internet]. 2005;14;54(suppl_3):iii1-9: https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2004.057026

  2. Bourke JB, Giggs JA, Ebdon DS. Variations in the incidence and the spatial distribution of patients with primary acute pancreatitis in Nottingham 1969-76. Gut. 1979;1;20(5):366-71. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/468066/

  3. NICE. Context | Pancreatitis | Guidance | NICE [Internet]. 2018; https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng104/chapter/Context

  4. Buter A, Imrie CW, Carter CR, Evans S, McKay CJ. Dynamic nature of early organ dysfunction determines outcome in acute pancreatitis. British Journal of Surgery. 2002;1;89(3):298–302. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11872053/

  5. Weiss FU, Laemmerhirt F, Lerch MM. Etiology and risk factors of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Visceral Medicine. 2019;1;35(2):73–81. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6514487/

  6. Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, Gooszen HG, Johnson CD, Sarr MG, et al. Classification of acute pancreatitis – 2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut.2012;25;62(1):102–11. https://gut.bmj.com/content/62/1/102

  7. Goodchild G, Chouhan M, Johnson GJ. Practical guide to the management of acute pancreatitis. Frontline Gastroenterology. 2019;2;10(3):292–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2018-101102

  8. Arvanitakis M, Dumonceau JM, Albert J, Badaoui A, Bali M, Barthet M, et al. Endoscopic management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) evidence-based multidisciplinary guidelines. Endoscopy. 2018;9;50(05):524–46. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29631305/

  9. Lakananurak N, Gramlich L. Nutrition management in acute pancreatitis: Clinical practice consideration. World Journal of Clinical Cases. 2020;30;8(9):1561–73 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7211526/

  10. Arvanitakis M, Ockenga J, Bezmarevic M, Gianotti L, Krznarić Ž, Lobo DN, et al. ESPEN practical guideline on clinical nutrition in acute and chronic pancreatitis. Clinical Nutrition. 2023;27;43(2):395–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.019

  11. Guan Y, Liu G, Tang F, Wu X, Shi J, Huang Q. Stress hyperglycemia in acute pancreatitis: From mechanisms to prognostic implications. Life Sciences. 2025;15;365:123469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123469

  12. NICE. Recommendations | Pancreatitis | Guidance. 2018; https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng104/chapter/Recommendations

  13. Chang YS, Fu HQ, Xiao YM, Liu JC. Nasogastric or nasojejunal feeding in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis. Critical Care. 2013;20;17(3) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4057382/

  14. Piciucchi M. Nasogastric or nasointestinal feeding in severe acute pancreatitis. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 20101;16(29):3692. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2915430/

  15. McClave SA, Martindale RG. What is the role of parenteral nutrition in the management of the patient with severe acute pancreatitis? Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 2024;21;40(2):319–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.11266

  16. Phillips ME, Hopper AD, Leeds JS, Roberts KJ, McGeeney L, Duggan SN, et al. Consensus for the management of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: UK practical guidelines. BMJ Open Gastroenterology. 2021; 8(1) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34140324/ 

TRANSITIONING FROM HOSPITAL TO HOME – by Rachel Sipaul, RD

  1. Cheung VHI, Wan CS. A Scoping Review of Contextual and Individual Factors for Hospital-Acquired Malnutrition Development in Adult Hospital Inpatients: Guiding a Proactive Preventative Approach. Nutrients. 2025;17(18):2970. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17182970

  2. Stratton R, Cawood A on behalf of the Malnutrition Action Group (MAG) of BAPEN. Malnutrition and Nutritional Care Survey in Adults UK Malnutrition Awareness Week (October 2023). https://www.bapen.org.uk/pdfs/reports/mag/national-survey-of-malnutrition-and-nutritional-care-2023.pdf

  3. Volkert D, Beck AM, Cederholm T, et al. ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. Clin Nutr. 2022 Apr;41(4):958-989. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.024

  4. McKenna K, Murphy C, Richardson A, Green S, Murphy C, O’Connor L, et al. Malnourished adults' receipt of hospital discharge nutrition care instructions: a pilot study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2022;49:271–278. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.04.019. PMID: 35623881

  5. Malnutrition Task Force Eating and Drinking Well in Later Life. State of the Nation 2025. Older People and malnutrition in the UK today. State of the Nation 2025 revised.pdf

  6. The British Association of Dietetics. The Nutrition and Hydration Digest. 3rd Edition. June 2023. BDA - The Nutrition and Hydration Digest

  7. Guest JF, Panca M, Baeyens JP, de Man F, Ljungqvist O, Pichard C, Wait S,Wilson L. Health economic impact of managing patients following a community-based diagnosis of malnutrition in the UK. Clinical Nutrition;.2011;30(4)422-429 doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2011.02.002

  8. Introducing ‘MUST’ (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool). BAPEN ‘MUST’ & Self Screening | BAPEN. Accessed 05.11.25

  9. Guidance: Moving healthcare closer to home. Gov.UK https://www.gov.uk/guidance/moving-healthcare-closer-to-home. Accessed 05.11.25

HOW TO MANAGE EMOTIONAL EATING – by Mei Wan, RD

  1. Fuente González CE, Chávez-Servín JL, de la Torre-Carbot K, Ronquillo González D, Aguilera Barreiro MLÁ, Ojeda Navarro LR. Relationship between Emotional Eating, Consumption of Hyperpalatable Energy-Dense Foods, and Indicators of Nutritional Status: A Systematic Review. J Obes. 2022;18;2022:4243868. doi: 10.1155/2022/4243868. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35634585/

  2. Wong L, Stammers L, Churilov L, Price S, Ekinci E, Sumithran P. Emotional eating in patients attending a specialist obesity treatment service. Appetite. 2020;1;151:104708. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104708. Epub 2020 Apr 10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32283188/

  3. Alhindi Y, Holt G, Jones KA, Khalifa N, Al-Khyatt W, Idris I. Prevalence of Emotional and Binge Eating Among Patients With Obesity Attending a Specialist Weight Management Service for Bariatric Surgery in the United Kingdom. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2025;38(1):e13415. doi: 10.1111/jhn.13415. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39690501/

  4. Chew HSJ, Soong RY, Ang WHD, Ngooi JW, Park J, Yong JQYO, Goh YSS. The global prevalence of emotional eating in overweight and obese populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychol. 2025;116(2):484-498. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12768. Epub 2025 Jan 15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39815661/

  5. Ljubičić M, Matek Sarić M, Klarin I, et al. Emotions and Food Consumption: Emotional Eating Behavior in a European Population. Foods. 2023;17;12(4):872. doi: 10.3390/foods12040872. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36832947/

  6. Dakanalis A, Mentzelou M, Papadopoulou SK, et al. The Association of Emotional Eating with Overweight/Obesity, Depression, Anxiety/Stress, and Dietary Patterns: A Review of the Current Clinical Evidence. Nutrients. 2023;26;15(5):1173. doi: 10.3390/nu15051173. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904172/

  7. Reichenberger J, Schnepper R, Arend AK, Blechert J. Emotional eating in healthy individuals and patients with an eating disorder: evidence from psychometric, experimental and naturalistic studies. Proc Nutr Soc. 2020;79(3):290-299. doi: 10.1017/S0029665120007004. Epub 2020 May 13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32398186/

  8. Leppanen J, Brown D, McLinden H, Williams S, Tchanturia K. The Role of Emotion Regulation in Eating Disorders: A Network Meta-Analysis Approach. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:793094. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.793094. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35280172/

  9. Prefit AB, Cândea DM, Szentagotai-Tătar A. Emotion regulation across eating pathology: A meta-analysis. Appetite. 2019;143:104438. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104438. Epub 2019 Aug 31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31479694/

  10. Yang H, Zhou X, Xie L, Sun J. The effect of emotion regulation on emotional eating among undergraduate students in China: The chain mediating role of impulsivity and depressive symptoms. PLoS One. 2023;18(6):e0280701. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280701. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37319167/

  11. Muha J, Schumacher A, Campisi SC, Korczak DJ. Depression and emotional eating in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite. 2024;200:107511. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107511. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38788931/

  12. Al-Musharaf S. Prevalence and Predictors of Emotional Eating among Healthy Young Saudi Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients. 2020;24;12:2923. doi: 10.3390/nu12102923. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32987773/

  13. Shriver LH, Dollar JM, Calkins SD, Keane SP, Shanahan L, Wideman L. Emotional Eating in Adolescence: Effects of Emotion Regulation, Weight Status and Negative Body Image. Nutrients. 2020;13(1):79. doi: 10.3390/nu13010079. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33383717/

  14. Bozkurt O, Çamli A, Kocaadam-Bozkurt B. Factors affecting food addiction: emotional eating, palatable eating motivations, and BMI. Food Sci Nutr. 2024;12(9):6841-6848. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39554350/

  15. Shao J, Wang Q, Peng Y, Yan F, Chen Y, Luo B, Chen L, Lin Y. A Cross-Sectional Study on Emotional Eating and Its Influencing Factors Among Clinical Nurses. Int J Nurs Pract. 2025;31(3) doi: 10.1111/ijn.70022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40370085/

  16. Konttinen H. Emotional eating and obesity in adults: the role of depression, sleep and genes. Proc Nutr Soc. 202079(3):283-289. doi: 10.1017/S0029665120000166. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32213213/

  17. Betancourt-Núñez A, Torres-Castillo N, Martínez-López E, et al. Emotional Eating and Dietary Patterns: Reflecting Food Choices in People with and without Abdominal Obesity. Nutrients. 2022; 25;14(7):1371. doi: 10.3390/nu14071371. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35405983/

  18. Caner N, Evgin D. Digital risks and adolescents: The relationships between digital game addiction, emotional eating, and aggression. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2021;30(6):1599-1609. doi: 10.1111/inm.12912. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310009/

  19. Christensen KA. Emotional feeding as interpersonal emotion regulation: A developmental risk factor for binge-eating behaviors. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(5):515-519. doi: 10.1002/eat.23044. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30770584/

  20. Arnow B, Kenardy J, Agras WS. The Emotional Eating Scale: the development of a measure to assess coping with negative affect by eating. Int J Eat Disord. 1995;18(1):79-90. doi: 10.1002/1098-108x(199507)18:1<79::aid-eat2260180109>3.0.co;2-v. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7670446/

  21. Cassioli E, Calderani E, Fioravanti G, et al. The Florence Emotional Eating Drive (FEED): a validation study of a self-report questionnaire for emotional eating. Eat Weight Disord. 2022;27(2):751-759. doi: 10.1007/s40519-021-01216-2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34043180/

  22. Braden A, Emley E, Watford T, Anderson L, Musher-Eizenman D. Self-reported emotional eating is not related to greater food intake: results from two laboratory studies. Psychol Health. 2020;35(4):500-517. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1649406. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31455099/

  23. Reichenberger J, Schnepper R, Arend AK, Blechert J. Emotional eating in healthy individuals and patients with an eating disorder: evidence from psychometric, experimental and naturalistic studies. Proc Nutr Soc. 2020;79(3):290-299. doi: 10.1017/S0029665120007004. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32398186/

  24. Smith J, Ang XQ, Giles EL, Traviss-Turner G. Emotional Eating Interventions for Adults Living with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;3;20(3):2722. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032722. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36768088/

  25. Power D, Jones A, Keyworth C, Dhir P, Griffiths A, Shepherd K, Smith J, Traviss-Turner G, Matu J, Ells L. Emotional Eating Interventions for Adults Living With Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Behaviour Change Techniques. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2025;38(1):e13410. doi: 10.1111/jhn.13410. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39763344/

  26. David LA, Sijercic I, Cassin SE. Preoperative and post-operative psychosocial interventions for bariatric surgery patients: A systematic review. Obes Rev. 2020;21(4):e12926. doi: 10.1111/obr.12926. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31970925/

  27. Di Sante J, Frayn M, Angelescu A, Knäuper B. Proof-of-concept testing of a brief virtual ACT workshop for emotional eating. Appetite. 2024;199:107386. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107386.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38692511/

  28. Kudlek L, Jones RA, Hughes C, et al. Experiences of emotional eating in an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy based weight management intervention (SWiM): A qualitative study. Appetite. 2024;193:107138. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107138. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38016600/

  29. Hany M, Elfiky S, Mansour N, Zidan A et al. Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Emotional and Mindless Eating After Bariatric Surgery: a Prospective Exploratory Cohort Study. Obes Surg. 2022;32(5):1570-1577. doi: 10.1007/s11695-022-05983-4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35212910/

  30. Wang Y, Xu T, Tao Y, Cai X. Effectiveness of written emotional disclosure interventions for eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr. 2024;10;11:1476956. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1476956. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39720356/

  31. Dol A, Bode C, Velthuijsen H, van Strien T, van Gemert-Pijnen L. Application of three different coaching strategies through a virtual coach for people with emotional eating: a vignette study. J Eat Disord. 2021;9(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s40337-020-00367-4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33446275/

  32. Annesi JJ, Stewart FA. Emotional Eating: Psychosocial Bases, Accordingly Directed Treatment Design, and Longitudinal Effects in Women with Obesity. J Prev (2022). 2023 Apr;44(2):221-237. doi: 10.1007/s10935-023-00723-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36701021/

  33. Wozniak JD, Huang H. Emotional Eating in Primary Care: Considerations for Assessment and Management. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2024;32(5):166-172. doi: 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000405..

  34. Lee SH, Yoon SH, Jung Y, Kim N, Min U, Chun J, Choi I. Emotional well-being and gut microbiome profiles by enterotype. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):20736. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77673-z. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33244049/

  35. Taylor AM, Thompson SV, Edwards CG, Musaad SMA, Khan NA, Holscher HD. Associations among diet, the gastrointestinal microbiota, and negative emotional states in adults. Nutr Neurosci. 2020;23(12):983-992. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2019.1582578. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30794085/

  36. Leyrolle Q, Cserjesi R, Mulders MDGH, et al. Specific gut microbial, biological, and psychiatric profiling related to binge eating disorders: A cross-sectional study in obese patients. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(4):2035-2044. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33023763/

  37. Ke S, Guimond AJ, Tworoger SS, Huang T, Chan AT, Liu YY, Kubzansky LD. Gut feelings: associations of emotions and emotion regulation with the gut microbiome in women. Psychol Med. 2023;53(15):7151-7160. doi: 10.1017/S0033291723000612. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36942524/

  38. Carbone EA, D'Amato P, Vicchio G, De Fazio P, Segura-Garcia C. A systematic review on the role of microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of eating disorders. Eur Psychiatry. 2020;16;64(1):e2. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.109. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33416044/

  39. Verma A, Inslicht SS, Bhargava A. Gut-Brain Axis: Role of Microbiome, Metabolomics, Hormones, and Stress in Mental Health Disorders. Cells. 2024;13(17):1436. doi: 10.3390/cells13171436. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39273008/

  40. Moran GW, Thapaliya G. The Gut-Brain Axis and Its Role in Controlling Eating Behavior in Intestinal Inflammation. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):981. doi: 10.3390/nu13030981. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33803651/

  41. Madison A, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Stress, depression, diet, and the gut microbiota: human-bacteria interactions at the core of psychoneuroimmunology and nutrition. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2019;28:105-110. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.01.011. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32395568/

 KETOGENIC FEEDS: INNOVATION OVER THE YEARS – by Madeleine Rowan

  1. Clinical Guideline 137. Epilepsies: diagnosis and management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2012

  2. Fisher RS, Boas WV, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, Engel Jr J. Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia. 2005;46(4):470-2. doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x

  3. Joint Epilepsy Council. Epilepsy prevalence, incidence and other statistics. 2011; https://www.epilepsyscotland. org. uk/pdf/joint_Epilepsy_ Council_Prevalence_and_Incidence_September_11_ (3). pdf. 2019 

  4. Sillanpää M, Schmidt D. Natural history of treated childhood-onset epilepsy: prospective, long-term population-based study. Brain. 2006;(1);129(3):617-24 doi:10.1093/brain/awh726

  5. Eun SH, Kang HC, Kim DW, et al. Ketogenic diet for treatment of infantile spasms. Brain Dev. 2006;28(9):566-71 doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2006.03.011

  6. Henderson CB, Filloux FM, Alder SC, et al. Efficacy of the Ketogenic Diet as a Treatment Option for Epilepsy: Meta-analysis. Journal of Child Neurology. 2006;21(3):193-8 doi:10.2310/7010.2006.00044

  7. Klein P, Janousek J, Barber A, et al. Ketogenic diet treatment in adults with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2010;19(4):575-9 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.09.016

  8. Lambrechts DA, Wielders LH, Aldenkamp AP, et al. The ketogenic diet as a treatment option in adults with chronic refractory epilepsy: efficacy and tolerability in clinical practice. Epilepsy Behav. 2012;23(3):310-4 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.01.002

  9. Martin K, Jackson CF, Levy RG, et al. Ketogenic diet and other dietary treatments for epilepsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016;2 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001903.pub3

  10. Kossoff EH, Turner Z, Bluml RM, et al. A randomised, crossover comparison of daily carbohydrate limits using the modified Atkins diet. Epilepsy Behav. 2007;10(3):432-6 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.01.012

  11. Neal EG, Chaffe HM, Edwards N, et al. A randomised controlled trial of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of children with drug-resistant epilepsy. Poster Presentation: 27th International Epilepsy Congress, July 2007, Singapore. 2007;48(Suppl 7):2-177

  12. Neal EG, Chaffe H, Schwartz RH, et al. The ketogenic diet for the treatment of childhood epilepsy: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7(6):500-6 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70092-9 https://www.epilepsybehavior.com/article/S1525-5050(07)00023-6/abstract

  13. Seo JH, Lee YM, Lee JS, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the ketogenic diet according to lipid: nonlipid ratios - comparison of 3:1 with 4:1 diet. Epilepsia. 2007;48(4):801-5 doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01025.x

  14. Bough KJ, Rho JM. Anticonvulsant mechanisms of the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia. 2007;48(1):43-58 doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.00915.x

  15. Masino SA, Rho JM. Mechanisms of ketogenic diet action. Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies [Internet]. 4th edition. 2012

  16. Marten B, Pfeuffer M, Schrezenmeir J. Medium-chain triglycerides. International Dairy Journal. 2006 Nov 1;16(11):1374-82 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.06.015

  17. NICE Guideline NG217. Epilepsies in children, young people and adults: diagnosis and management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2025

  18. International League Against Epilepsy. International Ketogenic Diet Centres. www.ilae.org/patient-care/ketogenic-diet-therapies/international-centers/international-ketogenic-diet-centers#WE

  19. Gilliam FG, Mendiratta A, Pack AM, et al. Epilepsy and common comorbidities: improving the outpatient epilepsy encounter. Epileptic disorders. 2005;7(1):27-33 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16120491/

  20. Leidy NK, Elixhauser A, Vickrey B, et al. Seizure frequency and the health-related quality of life of adults with epilepsy. Neurology. 1999;53(1):162-6 doi:10.1212/wnl.53.1.162

  21. Nutricia. Data on file: Evaluation of Ketocal to maintain ketosis. 2002

  22. Coppola G, Verrotti A, Ammendola E, Operto FF, Della Corte R, Signoriello G, Pascotto A. Ketogenic diet for the treatment of catastrophic epileptic encephalopathies in childhood. European journal of paediatric neurology. 2010;1;14(3):229-34 doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2009.06.006

  23. Kossoff EH, Henry BJ, Cervenka MC. Efficacy of dietary therapy for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behaviour. 2013 Feb 1;26(2):162-4 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.11.007

  24. Pires ME, Ilea A, Bourel E, Bellavoine V, Merdariu D, Berquin P, Auvin S. Ketogenic diet for infantile spasms refractory to first-line treatments: an open prospective study. Epilepsy research. 2013 Jul 1;105(1-2):189-94 doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.11.009

  25. Suo C, Liao J, Lu X, Fang K, Hu Y, Chen L, Cao D, Huang T, Li B, Li C. Efficacy and safety of the ketogenic diet in Chinese children. Seizure. 2013 Apr 1;22(3):174-8 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2012.11.014

  26. McDonald TJ, Henry-Barron BJ, Felton EA, Gutierrez EG, Barnett J, Fisher R, Lwin M, Jan A, Vizthum D, Kossoff EH, Cervenka MC. Improving compliance in adults with epilepsy on a modified Atkins diet: a randomised trial. Seizure. 2018 Aug 1;60:132-8 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2018.06.019

  27. MIMS, April 2025

  28. Kossoff EH, Dorward JL, Turner Z, Pyzik PL. Prospective study of the modified Atkins diet in combination with a ketogenic liquid supplement during the initial month. Journal of Child Neurology. 2011 Feb;26(2):147-51 doi:10.1177/0883073810375718

  29. Hameed H, Neri LD, Schoeler N. Barriers and facilitators to starting and staying on Ketogenic Diet Therapy for children with epilepsy: a scoping review. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2025 Feb 22 doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.02.020

  30. Hrachovy RA, Frost Jr JD. Infantile spasms. Pediatric Clinics of North America. 1989 Apr 1;36(2):311-29 doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36651-2

THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET AND THE LATEST FOOD PYRAMID – by Giuliana Rocca, ANutr

  1. Trajkovska PA, Ognenoska V, Trajkovska-Broach A. (2025). Mediterranean Diet: From Ancient Traditions to Modern Science -A Sustainable Way Towards Better Health, Wellness, Longevity, and Personalized Nutrition. Sustainability.

  2. Keys AB, Keys M. (1980). How to Eat Well and Stay Well, the Mediterranean Way. New York: Doubleday. 1975; Keys AB. Seven countries: a multivariate analysis of death and coronary heart disease. Cambridge: Mass Harvard University Press.

  3. Pett KD, Kahn J, Willett WC et al. (2017). Ancel keys and the seven countries study: an evidence-based response to revisionist histories, White Paper Commissioned by The True Health Initiative.

  4. Willett WC, Sacks F, Trichopoulou A, et al. (1995). Mediterranean diet pyramid: a cultural model for healthy eating. Am J Clin Nutr. 61(6 Suppl). 

  5. Hu FB, Drescher G, Trichopoulou A, et al. (2025). Three decades of the Mediterranean diet pyramid: A narrative review of its history, evolution, and advances, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol.122, Issue 1, Pages 17-28.

  6. Keys A. (1995). Mediterranean diet and public health: personal reflections, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 61, Issue 6, Pages 1321S-1323S.

  7. Trichopoulou A. (2021). Mediterranean diet as intangible heritage of humanity: 10 years on, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Volume 31, Issue 7, Pages 1943-1948.

  8. Martínez-González MA, Hershey MS, Zazpe I, et al. (2017). Transferability of the mediterranean diet to non-mediterranean countries. What is and what is not the mediterranean diet.

  9. Rishor-Olney CR, Hinson MR. (2023). Mediterranean Diet. In Stat Pearls Publishing.

  10. Marcus JB. (2013). Global Food and Nutrition: World Food, Health and the Environment: Practical Applications for Nutrition, Food Science and Culinary Professionals, Chapter 12 - Culinary Nutrition, Academic Press, Pages 545-605.

  11. Bach-Faig A, Berry EM, Lairon D, et al. (2011). Mediterranean Diet Foundation Expert Group. Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Science and cultural updates. Public Health Nutr. (12A):2274-84.

  12. Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Vernuccio L et al. (2021). Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Nutrients.

  13. Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Frias-Toral E, et al. (2020). Nutrition and immune system: from the Mediterranean diet to dietary supplementary through the microbiota. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 61(3):1-25.

  14. Berrino F & Fontana L. (2015). The Great Way.

  15. Adeniyi A, Oludoyin P. (2017). Stress, a major determinant of nutritional and health status. American Journal of Public Health Research.

  16. Perrone P, D'Angelo S. (2025). Gut Microbiota Modulation Through Mediterranean Diet Foods: Implications for Human Health. Nutrients17(6):948.

  17. Barber TM, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AFH, et al. (2023). The Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Health and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients.15(9):2150.

  18. Pugliese G, Barrea L, Laudisio D, et al. (2020). Mediterranean diet as tool to manage obesity in menopause: A narrative review. Nutrition. 79-80:110991.

  19. Carruba G, Granata OM, Pala V, et al. (2006). A traditional Mediterranean diet decreases endogenous estrogens in healthy postmenopausal women, Nutr Cancer.

  20. Rotblat B, Grunewald TGP, Leprivier G, et al. (2013). Anti-oxidative stress response genes: bioinformatic analysis of their expression and relevance in multiple cancers. Oncotarget. 4:2577–90. 2013; Pérez-López FR, Chedraui P, Haya J, et al. Effects of the Mediterranean diet on longevity and age-related morbid conditions. Maturitas. 2009;64:67–79.

  21. Falasca M, Casari I, Maffucci T. (2014). Cancer chemoprevention with nuts. J Natl Cancer Inst. p. 106.

  22. Grosso G, Buscemi S, Galvano F, et al. (2013). Mediterranean diet and cancer: epidemiological evidence and mechanism of selected aspects. BMC Surg. 13(Suppl 2):S14.

  23. Barrea L, Pugliese G, Laudisio D, et al. (2021). Does Mediterranean diet could have a role on age at menopause and in the management of vasomotor menopausal symptoms? The viewpoint of the endocrinological nutritionist, Current Opinion in Food Science, Volume 39, Pages 171-181.

  24. Barrea L, Pugliese G, Laudisio D, et al. (2021). Mediterranean diet as medical prescription in menopausal women with obesity: a practical guide for nutritionists. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr., 1201-1211.

  25. Morze J, Danielewicz A, Przybyłowicz K, et al. (2021). An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on adherence to mediterranean diet and risk of cancer. Eur J Nutr. 60(3): 1561–86.

  26. Barnard ND et a al. (2014). Saturated and trans fats and dementia: a systematic review. Neurobiology of aging.

  27. Morris Mc, Tangney CC. (2014). Dietary fat composition and dementia risk. Neurobiology of aging.

  28. Fekete M, Varga P, Ungvari Z, et al. (2025). The role of the Mediterranean diet in reducing the risk of cognitive impairement, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis. Geroscience. 47(3):3111-3130.

  29. Estruch R, Ros E, (2013). Mediterranean diet for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, New England Journal of Medicine; Guasch-Ferre M, Babio N et al, (2015). Dietary fat intake and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in a population at high risk of cardiovascular disease, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; Bendinelli B, Masala G et al. (2011). Fruit, vegetables, and olive oil and risk of coronary heart disease in Italian women: the EPICOR Study, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; Bao Y, Han J et al, (2013). Association of Nut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality, The New England Journal of Medicine; Pan A. Sun Q. et al. (2013). Changes in red meat consumption and consequent risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: three cohorts of US men and women, JAMA International Medicine, 173.

  30. Skulas-Ray A, Flock M, Kris-Etherton (2013). The Role of Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Chapter 29 - Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease (Third Edition), Academic Press, Pages 541-567.

  31. Guasch-Ferré M, Willett WC. (2021). The Mediterranean diet and health: a comprehensive overview. J Intern Med.

  32. Sofi F, Macchi C et al, (2014). Mediterranean diet and health status: an updated meta-analysis and a proposal for a literature-based adherence score, Public Health Nutrition.

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