References January 26 issue 206

NUTRITION IN THE NEWS – by Karen Voas-Wootton, RD

GLOBAL SURGE IN UPFs SPARKS HEALTH WARNING

  1. Monteiro C, Louzada M, Steele-Martinez E, et al. Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence. The Lancet. 2025; doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01565-X

  2. Scrinis G, Popkin B, Corvalan C, et al. Policies to halt and reverse the rise in ultra-processed food production, marketing, and consumption. The Lancet. 2025; doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01566-1

  3. Baker P, Slater S, White M, et al. Towards unified global action on ultra-processed foods: understanding commercial determinants, countering corporate power, and mobilising a public health response. The Lancet. 2025; doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01567-3

BAPEN REPORT: STRONG SUPPORT FOR GREENER ENTERAL FEEDING

  1. BAPEN. Report on Environmental Sustainability in Home Enteral Tube Feeding. Accessed 24 November 2025. https://www.bapen.org.uk/bapen-news/bapen-publishes-new-report-on-environmental-sustainability-in-home-enteral-tube-feeding/

FOOD FOR THE BRAIN STUDY ADVANCES NUTRITION-FOCUSED DEMENTIA PREVENTION

  1.  More information can be found here: https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2024-04-04-blood-tests-diagnosing-dementia-step-closer.

DINING ALONE: NUTRITIONAL RISK FOR SENIORS

  1. Wyman C, Thomas J, Lawless M, et al. Associations between nutritional and physical outcomes of community-dwelling older adults eating alone, versus with others: A systematic review. Appetite. 2025;26 doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108327

MYTH BUSTING WITH MADI – by Madi Myers, ANutr

  1. McDonald D et al. American Gut: an Open Platform for Citizen Science Microbiome Research. mSystems. 2018;3(3): doi:10.1128/mSystems.00031-18 doi:10.1128/mSystems.00031-18

GUT FUNCTION: SYMPTOMS, RED FLAGS AND INTERVENTIONS – by Hazel Clarke RD

  1. Vasant DH, Paine PA, Black CJ, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 2021;70(7):1214-1240. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324598

  2. McKenzie YA, Bowyer RK, Leach H, et al (IBS Dietetic Guideline Review Group on behalf of Gastroenterology Specialist Group of the British Dietetic Association). British Dietetic Association systematic review and evidence-based practice guidelines for the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome in adults (2016 update). Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics: the official journal of the British Dietetic Association. 2016;29(5), 549-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12385

  3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Irritable Bowel Syndrome – Diagnosis [Internet]. CKS, 2025 [cited 2025 August 7]. Available from: https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/irritable-bowel-syndrome/diagnosis/diagnosis/

  4. Arasaradnam RP, Brown S, Forbes A et al. Guidelines for the investigation of chronic diarrhoea in adults: British Society of Gastroenterology, 3rd edition. Gut 2018; 67(8), 1380-1399. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315909

  5. Wu S, Yang Z, Liu S, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Zhu S. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Long-Term Risk of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Large-Scale Prospective Cohort Study. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology: the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2024;22(7), 1497-1507.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2024.01.040

  6. Staudacher HM, Whelan K. The low-FODMAP diet: recent advances in understanding its mechanisms and efficacy in IBS. Gut. 2017;66(8):1517-1527. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313750

  7. Kim YS, Kim N. Sex-Gender Differences in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility. 2018;24(4), 544-558. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm18082

  8. Mulak A, Taché Y, Larauche M. Sex hormones in the modulation of irritable bowel syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014;20(10), 2433-2448. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i10.2433

  9. Qin HY, Cheng CW, Tang XD, Bian ZX. Impact of psychological stress on irritable bowel syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2014;20(39), 14126-14131. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14126

  10. Konturek PC, Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ. Stress and the gut: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, diagnostic approach and treatment options. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology: an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society. 2011;62(6), 591-599

  11. Lee SP, Sung IK, Kim JH, Lee SY, Park HS, Shim CS. The effect of emotional stress and depression on the prevalence of digestive diseases. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility. 2015;21(2), 273-282. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm14116

  12. Van Der Schoot A, Katsirma Z, Whelan K, Dimidi E. Systematic review and meta-analysis: Foods, drinks and diets and their effect on chronic constipation in adults. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2024;59(2), 157-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17782

  13. Malone JC, Thavamani A. Physiology, Gastrocolic Reflex. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2023

  14. Heathcote B, Carey S. Management of Constipation in Eating Disorders: A Scoping Review. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics: the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 2025;38(4), e70100. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.70100

  15. Dimidi E, Belogianni K, Whelan K, Lomer MCE. Gut Symptoms during FODMAP Restriction and Symptom Response to Food Challenges during FODMAP Reintroduction: A Real-World Evaluation in 21,462 Participants Using a Mobile Application. Nutrients. 2023;9;15(12):2683. doi: 10.3390/nu15122683

  16. Meurs-Szojda MM, Mijatovic V, Felt-Bersma RJ, Hompes PG. Irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation in patients with endometriosis. Colorectal Disease: the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2011;13(1), 67-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.02055.x

  17. Yun Q, Wang S, Chen S, Luo H, et al. Constipation preceding depression: a population-based cohort study. EClinicalMedicine, 2024;67,102371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102371

THE GUT MICROBIOME AND WHY IT’S DIFFERENT FOR WOMEN – by Hazel Clarke RD

  1. Fackelmann G, Manghi P, Carlino N, Heid, et al. Gut microbiome signatures of vegan, vegetarian and omnivore diets and associated health outcomes across 21,561 individuals. Nature microbiology. 2025. 10(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-024-01870-z

  2. Ross FC, Patangia D, Grimaud G. The interplay between diet and the gut microbiome: implications for health and disease. Nature Reviews. Microbiology 2024. 22(11), 671–686. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-024-01068-4

  3. He S, Li H, Yu Z, Zhang F, Liang S, Liu H, Chen H & Lü M. The Gut Microbiome and Sex Hormone-Related Diseases. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2021. 12, 711137. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.711137

  4. Gibson GR, Hutkins R, Sanders ME, et al. Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2017. 14(8), 491–502. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75

  5. Chang C & Lin H. Dysbiosis in gastrointestinal disorders. Best practice & research. Clinical Gastroenterology. 2016. 30(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2016.02.001

  6. Góralczyk-Bińkowska A, Szmajda-Krygier D & Kozłowska E. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022 23(19), 11245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911245

  7. Mullish BH, Quraishi MN, Segal JP, Ianiro G & Iqbal TH. The gut microbiome: what every gastroenterologist needs to know. Frontline Gastroenterology. 2020. 12(2), 118–127. https://doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2019-101376

  8. Dong TS & Gupta A. Influence of Early Life, Diet, and the Environment on the Microbiome. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology: the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2019. 17(2), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2018.08.067

  9. Bischoff SC, Bager P, Escher J, et al. ESPEN guideline on Clinical Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Nutr. 2023 42(3):352-379. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.12.004

  10. Vemuri R, Sylvia KE, Klein SL, et al. The microgenderome revealed: sex differences in bidirectional interactions between the microbiota, hormones, immunity and disease susceptibility. Seminars in Immunopathology. 2019, 41(2), 265–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-018-0716-7

  11. Department of Health and Social Care (2022) Women’s Health Strategy for England. London: GOV.UK. Accessed 25 March 2025. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/womens-health-strategy-for-england 

  12. National Institutes of Health (NIH) (1993) NIH Revitalization Act of 1993. Accessed 25 March 2025. https://orwh.od.nih.gov/toolkit/recruitment/history

  13. Mulak A, Taché Y & Larauche M. Sex hormones in the modulation of irritable bowel syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2014. 20, 2433–2448. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i10.2433

  14. Peters BA, Santoro N, Kaplan RC & Qi Q. Spotlight on the Gut Microbiome in Menopause: Current Insights. International Journal of Women's Health. 2022. 14, 1059–1072. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S340491

  15. Mulak A, Taché Y & Larauche M. Sex hormones in the modulation of irritable bowel syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2014. 20(10), 2433–2448. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i10.2433

  16. Wang L, Alammar N, Singh R, Nanavati J, Song Y, Chaudhary R & Mullin GE. Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2020. 120(4), 565–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2019.05.015

  17. Pittayanon R, Lau JT, Loeontiadis GI, Tse F, Yuan Y, Surette M & Moayyedi P. Differences in Gut Microbiota in Patients With vs Without Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review. Gastroenterology. 2020.158(4), 930–946 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.294

  18. McKenzie YA, Thompson J, Gulia P, Lomer MC & (IBS Dietetic Guideline Review Group on behalf of Gastroenterology Specialist Group of the British Dietetic Association) (2016). British Dietetic Association systematic review of systematic reviews and evidence-based practice guidelines for the use of probiotics in the management of irritable bowel syndrome in adults (2016 update). Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics: the official journal of the British Dietetic Association, 29(5), 576–592. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12386

FAVISM AND G6PD DEFICIENCY: KEY DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS FOR PRACTICE - by Natalie Collings, ANutr

  1. Howes RE et al. Global epidemiology of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9:e980–e991

  2. Cappellini MD, Fiorelli G. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Lancet. 2008;371:64–74

  3. Luzzatto L, Nannelli C, Notaro R. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Haematologica. 2016;101:102–111

  4. Beutler E. G6PD deficiency. Blood. 1994;84:3613–3636

  5. Minucci A et al. G6PD mutations database: review and update. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2012;48:154–165

  6. The Blood Project. Historical perspectives on G6PD deficiency. 2023. https://www.thebloodproject.com

  7. Luzzatto L, Arese P. Favism and hemolytic anemia: nutritional-genetic interaction. Nutrients. 2018;10:1956

  8. Vulliamy T et al. Molecular basis of G6PD deficiency. Hum Genet. 1988;81:363–368

  9. WHO Working Group. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Bull World Health Organ. 1989;67:601–611

  10. Howes RE et al. Global distribution and burden of G6PD deficiency. Front Genet. 2022;13:1593728

  11. Nkhoma ET et al. The global prevalence of G6PD deficiency: systematic review. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2009;42:267–278

  12. British National Formulary (BNF). Vitamin K preparations and neonatal prophylaxis. 2025

  13. NHS UK. Guidelines on Vitamin K for newborns. 2024. https://www.nhs.uk

  14. Beutler E. Vitamin K and G6PD deficiency. Am J Hematol. 1991;38:332–334

  15. Finckh A et al. High-dose vitamin C therapy and redox stress in G6PD deficiency. J Lab Clin Med. 1995;125:580–587

  16. Luzzatto L. Methylene blue contraindication in G6PD deficiency. Br J Haematol. 2021;195:13–21

  17. Arese P, De Flora A. Pathophysiology of hemolysis in G6PD deficiency. Semin Hematol. 1990;27:1–40

  18. Baur E et al. Quantification of vicine and convicine in faba beans and derived ingredients. Food Chem. 2020;333:127460

  19. Khazaei H et al. Vicine and convicine removal in faba beans: review. Food Res Int. 2019;116:25–34

  20. Chan TK, Todd D. Hemolysis due to ingestion of fava beans and other legumes. BMJ. 1967;2:1225–1228

  21. Moiz B et al. Herbal and dietary triggers in G6PD deficiency: scoping review. J Diet Suppl. 2019;16:687–701

  22. Celleno L et al. Henna-induced hemolysis in G6PD-deficient infants: case review. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2015;32:45–52

  23. Kelsey C, Kaplan M. Neonatal hemolysis following topical henna exposure. Clin Pediatr. 2018;57:1456–1459

ORAL NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS IN PAEDIATRICS: PRACTICAL USES AND THE PATH BACK TO SOLID FOOD – by Hazel Duncan RD

  1. Braegger C, Decsi T, Dias JA et al. Practical approach to paediatric enteral nutrition: a comment by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2010; 51(1),110–122. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181d336d2

  2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2017). Faltering growth: recognition and management of faltering growth in children (NG75). Accessed 21 November 2025 https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng75

  3. Zhang Z, Li F, Hannon BA, Hustead DS et al. Effect of Oral Nutritional Supplementation on Growth in Children with Undernutrition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2021;13(9):3036. doi:10.3390/nu13093036

  4. Hubbard GP, Fry C, Sorensen K et al. Energy-dense, low-volume paediatric oral nutritional supplements improve total nutrient intake and increase growth in paediatric patients requiring nutritional support: results of a randomised controlled pilot trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2020;79(9):1421-1430. doi:10.1007/s00431-020-03620-9

BLENDED DIET IN ENTERAL FEEDING: ALIGNING PRACTICE WITH THE EVIDENCE – by Gareth Birkett, Founder and CEO of Wilbo’s Blends

  1. British Dietetic Association Policy Statement (2019). The Use of Blended Diet with Enteral Feeding Tubes

  2. Durnan S et al. Practice Toolkit: The Use of Blended Diet with Enteral Feeding Tubes (2021). British Dietetic Association.

  3. McCormack S, Patel K, Smith C. Blended diet for enteral tube feeding in young people: A systematic review of the benefits and complications. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2023 36(1):101–118. doi:10.1111/jhn.13143. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jhn.13143

  4. Cacciaguerra G, Palermo M, Parano C et al. Blended Diet in Children: A Mini Review of Recent Evidence (2023–2024). PriMera Sci Med Public Health. 2024 5(5):177. doi:10.56831/PSMPH-05-177. https://primerascientific.com/pdf/psmph/PSMPH-05-177.pdf

  5. Köglmeier J et al.The Use of Blended Diets in Children With Enteral Feeding Tubes: A Joint Position Paper of ESPGHAN Committees. 2023 JPGN;76(1):109–117. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000003654. https://bspghan.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/the-use-of-blended-diets-in-children-with-enteral.pdf

  6. Chandrasekar N, Dehlsen K, Leach ST, Krishnan U. Blenderised Tube Feeds vs Commercial Formula: Which Is Better for Gastrostomy-Fed Children? Nutrients. 2022 14(15):3139. doi:10.3390/nu14153139. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/15/3139

  7. Ojo O et al. An Evaluation of the Nutritional Value and Physical Properties of Blenderised Enteral Nutrition Formula: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020 12(6):1840. doi:10.3390/nu12061840. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/6/1840

  8. Ojo O et al. The Microbial Quality and Safety of Blenderised Enteral Nutrition Formula: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 17(24):9563. doi:10.3390/ijerph17249563

PKU: TEACHING CHILDREN MORE ABOUT THEIR HEALTH JOURNEY – by Suzanne Ford, RD

  1. MacDonald A, Nanuwa K, Parkes L, Nathan M and Chauhan D. Retrospective, observational data collection of the treatment of phenylketonuria in the UK and associated clinical and health outcomes. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2011;27(6), 1211-1222

  2. van Wegberg AMJ, MacDonald A, Ahring K et al. European guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of phenylketonuria: First revision. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 2025;145(2).109125

  3. Altman G, Hussain K, Green D, Strauss BJ and Wilcox G. Mental health diagnoses in adults with phenylketonuria: a retrospective systematic audit in a large UK single centre. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2021;16(1), 520

  4. Thomas L, Aitkenhead L, Stepien KM, Woodall A, Macdonald A and Romani C. Cognition and well-being in middle-aged early treated people with phenylketonuria: Preliminary results and methodological lessons. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports. 2024;41; 101160

  5. Pinto A, Ahring K, Almeida MF, et al. Blood Phenylalanine Levels in Patients with Phenylketonuria from Europe between 2012 and 2018: Is It a Changing Landscape? Nutrients. 2024;16(13), 2064

  6. Blessing AI, Ola A and Owen W. Challenges of Kinaesthetic Learning: Identify potential obstacles kinaesthetic learners may face in traditional classroom settings; 2024

  7. Institute of Biomedical Science. Accessed November 17, 2025 https://www.ibms.org/resource-hub/harvey-s-lab-tours.html

THE ROLE OF AI AND VR IN TRANSFORMING DIETETICS – by Salma Khattak, AfN

  1. Karakan T. Artificial intelligence-based personalised diet: A pilot clinical study for irritable bowel syndrome. Gut Microbiomes. 2022; 14;1

  2. Stathopoulou H. goFOODTM: An Artificial Intelligence System for Dietary Assessment. Sensors. 2020;20(15): 4283

  3. Wang X. Artificial Intelligence Applications to Personalised Dietary Recommendations: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel). 2025;13(12):1417

  4. Karakan. Artificial intelligence-based personalised diet: A pilot clinical study for irritable bowel syndrome. Gut microbiome. 2022.14(1)

  5. Fowler L. Development, usability and preliminary efficacy of a virtual reality experience to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours in children: pilot randomised controlled trial. Mhealth(eCollection). 2024

  6. Sauchelli S. Virtual reality exergaming improves affect during physical activity and reduces subsequent food consumption in inactive adults. Appetite. 2022.175 doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106058

  7. Manasse S. Using virtual reality to train inhibitory control and reduce binge eating: A proof-of-concept study. Appetite 2021.1(157) doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104988

  8. Gemesi K. Virtual body image exercises for people with obesity – results on eating behavior and body perception of the ViTraS pilot study. BMC medical informatics and decision making 2025.176

  9. Bould H, Kennedy MR, Penton-Voak I, Thomas LM, Biddle J. Exploring How Virtual Reality Could Be Used to Treat Eating Disorders: Qualitative Study of People With Eating Disorders and Clinicians Who Treat Them. JMIR. 2023 (Vol 1)

GESTATIONAL DIABETES IN SOUTH ASIAN WOMEN: THE NEED FOR CULTURALLY-TAILORED SUPPORT – by Fareeha Jay, RD

  1. McIntyre HD, Catalano P, Zhang C et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(47) doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0098-8

  2. Lamri A, Limbachia J, Schulze KM, Desai D, et al; Born in Bradford and START investigators. The genetic risk of gestational diabetes in South Asian women. Elife. 2022;22(11) doi:10.7554/eLife.81498

  3. Bandyopadhyay M. Gestational diabetes mellitus: a qualitative study of lived experiences of South Asian immigrant women and perspectives of their health care providers in Melbourne, Australia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21 doi:10.1186/s12884-021-03981-5

  4. Stennett RN, Adamo KB, Anand SS, et al. A culturally-tailored personaliseD nutrition intErvention in South ASIan women at risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (DESI-GDM): a randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJOpen. 2023;13(5) doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072353

  5. De Sequeira S, Halperin I, Lipscombe LL. Culturally Tailored Resources for South Asian Immigrant Women With Gestational Diabetes: Do They Work and What's Missing? A Qualitative Stu

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