References July 25 - issue 201

UP FRONT - from the Editor

  1. UNICEF UK. The Baby Friendly Initiative. Breastfeeding in the UK. https://www.unicef.org.uk/babyfriendly/about/breastfeeding-in-the-uk/

  2. Royal College of Paediatrics & Health. Breastfeeding in the UK - position statement. https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/resources/breastfeeding-uk-position-statement

MYTH BUSTING WITH MADI - ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS: ARE WE MISSING THE BIGGER PICTURE?

  1. Monteiro CA et al (2019). Ultra-processed foods, diet quality, and health using the NOVA classification system. Available from: https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/5277b379-0acb-4d97-a6a3-602774104629/content

  2. British Nutrition Foundation. Ultra-processed Food. Available from: https://www.nutrition.org.uk/creating-a-healthy-diet/ultra-processed-foods/

  3. Sarmiento-Santos J et al (2022). Consumers' Understanding of Ultra-Processed Foods. Foods. 11(9):1359. doi: 10.3390/foods11091359

  4. Vitale M et al (2024). Ultra-Processed Foods and Human Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr. 15(1):100121. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.009

  5. Office for Health Improvements & Disparities (2025). Processed foods and health: SACN's rapid evidence update summary. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/processed-foods-and-health-sacns-rapid-evidence-update/processed-foods-and-health-sacns-rapid-evidence-update-summary#conclusions

  6. Lane MM et al (2024). Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses. BMJ. 384:e077310. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2023-077310

  7. Warner JO (2024) Artificial food additives: hazardous to long-term health? Arch Dis Child. 109(11):882-885. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326565

  8. Said Abasse K et al (2022). Association between Dietary Nitrate, Nitrite Intake, and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients.14(3):666. doi: 10.3390/nu14030666

  9. British Dietetic Association (2025). Dietetics leads potential new treatment for Crohn’s disease. Available from: https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/dietetics-leads-potential-new-treatment-for-crohn-s-disease.html

  10. Sandall A et al. (2023). Emulsifiers in ultra-processed foods in the UK food supply. Public Health Nutr. 26(11):2256-2270. doi: 10.1017/S1368980023002021.

COVER STORY: THE ROLE OF NUTRITION IN SUPPORTING BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS AND INFANTS by Zoe Brown ANutr

  1. Meek JY, Noble L. Section on Breastfeeding (2022). Policy Statement: Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. Pediatrics, 150(1), e2022057988. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-057988

  2. WHO. Breatdfeeing. https://www.who.int/health-topics/breastfeeding#tab=tab_2

  3. Valentine C, Wagner C (2013). Nutritional management of the breastfeeding dyad. Pediatric clinics of North America, 60 1, 261-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.008

  4. British Nutrition Foundation. Breastfeeding – an Introduction. https://www.nutrition.org.uk/nutrition-for/baby/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-an-introduction/#:~:text=Giving%20your%20baby%20nothing%20apart,for%20healthy%20growth%20and%20development

  5. Ramiro-Cortijo D, Carrillo H, Gila-Díaz A, Ruvira S, Singh P, Braojos C, Martin C, Arribas S (2022). Association between Adherence to the Healthy Food Pyramid and Breast Milk Fatty Acids in the First Month of Lactation. Nutrients, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245280

  6. Gridneva Z, Rea A, Tie WJ, Lai CT, Kugananthan S, Ward LC, Murray K, Hartmann PE, & Geddes DT (2019). Carbohydrates in Human Milk and Body Composition of Term Infants during the First 12 Months of Lactation. Nutrients, 11(7), 1472. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071472

  7. Jiang H, Powers HJ, Rossetto GS. A systematic review of iodine deficiency among women in the UK. Public Health Nutr. 2019 Apr;22(6):1138-1147. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018003506. Epub 2018 Dec 31. PMID: 30596360; PMCID: PMC10260541

  8. Næss S, Aakre I, Strand TA, Dahl L, Kjellevold M, Stokland AM, Nedrebø BG, Markhus MW. Infant iodine status and associations with maternal iodine nutrition, breast-feeding status and thyroid function. Br J Nutr. 2023 Mar 14;129(5):854-863. doi: 10.1017/S0007114522001465. Epub 2022 May 10. PMID: 35535981; PMCID: PMC9975782

  9. Stoica AB, Mărginean C. The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Infants' Health. Nutrients. 2023 Oct 16;15(20):4379. doi: 10.3390/nu15204379. PMID: 37892454; PMCID: PMC10609616

  10. Prentice A (2000). Calcium in pregnancy and lactation.. Annual review of nutrition, 20, 249-72 . https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV.NUTR.20.1.249

  11. Olausson H, Goldberg G, Laskey M, Schoenmakers I, Jarjou L, Prentice A (2012). Calcium economy in human pregnancy and lactation. Nutrition Research Reviews, 25, 40-67. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422411000187

  12. The GP Infant Feeding Network (UK). Vitamin D Supplementation. https://gpifn.org.uk/vitamin-d-supplementation/

  13. Carretero-Krug A, Montero-Bravo A, Morais-Moreno C, Puga AM, Samaniego-Vaesken ML, Partearroyo T, Varela-Moreiras G (2024). Nutritional Status of Breastfeeding Mothers and Impact of Diet and Dietary Supplementation: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 16(2), 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16020301

  14. NHS.UK. Breastfeeding and diet. https://www.nhs.uk/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding-and-lifestyle/diet/

  15. La Leche League GB. Alcohol and breastfeeding. https://laleche.org.uk/alcohol-drink/

  16. Keikha M, Bahreynian M, Saleki M, Kelishadi R (2017). Macro- and Micronutrients of Human Milk Composition: Are They Related to Maternal Diet? A Comprehensive Systematic Review..Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, 12 9, 517-527 .https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2017.0048

  17. Malisova O, Apergi K, Niaos E, Xenaki F, Kapsokefalou M (2024). Investigating Water Balance as a Nutritional Determinant in Breastfeeding: A Comparative Study of Water Consumption Patterns and Influencing Factors. Nutrients, 16(13), 2157. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132157

FOOD FOR THOUGHT: SOCIAL MEDIA, BODY IMAGE AND EATING DISORDERS: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW by Priya Tew, RD 

  1. Robinson E, Aveyard P. Emaciated mannequins: a study of mannequin body size in high street fashion stores. J Eat Disord. 2017 May 2;5:13. doi: 10.1186/s40337-017-0142-6. PMID: 28469913; PMCID: PMC5412053

  2. Vall-Roqué H, Andrés A, Saldaña C. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on social network sites use, body image disturbances and self-esteem among adolescent and young women. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021 Aug 30;110:110293. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110293. Epub 2021 Mar 2. PMID: 33662532; PMCID: PMC8569938

  3. Suhag K, Rauniyar S. Social Media Effects Regarding Eating Disorders and Body Image in Young Adolescents. Cureus. 2024 Apr 21;16(4):e58674. doi: 10.7759/cureus.58674. PMID: 38770510; PMCID: PMC11103119

  4. Revranche M, Biscond M, Husky MM. Lien entre usage des réseaux sociaux et image corporelle chez les adolescents : une revue systématique de la littérature [Investigating the relationship between social media use and body image among adolescents: A systematic review]. Encephale. 2022 Apr;48(2):206-218. French. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.08.006. Epub 2021 Nov 18. PMID: 34801229

  5. Griffiths S, Harris EA, Whitehead G, Angelopoulos F, Stone B, Grey W, Dennis S. Does TikTok contribute to eating disorders? A comparison of the TikTok algorithms belonging to individuals with eating disorders versus healthy controls. Body Image. 2024 Dec;51:101807. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101807. Epub 2024 Nov 5. Erratum in: Body Image. 2025 Mar;52:101834. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101834. PMID: 39504757

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) STAGE 5 EXAMINED by Katy Stuart, RD, MSC, SP

  1. NICE (2021). Chronic kidney disease: assessment and management NICE Guideline, NG203. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng203

  2. National Kidney Foundation, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (2022). https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/estimated-glomerular-filtration-rate-egfr?utm_source=web&utm_campaign=eGFR-calculator

  3. Alaini A, Malhotra D, Rondon-Berrios H, Argyropoulos C, Khitan Z, Raj D, Rohrscheib M, Shapiro J, Tzamaloukas A. Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease: Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate, 2017 World J Methodol. 26;7(3):73-92

  4. UK Kidney Association, CKD Staging (20250. https://www.ukkidney.org/health-professionals/information-resources/uk-eckd-guide/ckd-staging

  5. NHS (2023) Diagnosis of CKD. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/diagnosis

  6. National Kidney Foundation, Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), 2023. https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/stage-5-chronic-kidney-disease-ckd#:~:text=Stage%205%20CKD%20means%20you,or%20they%20are%20on%20dialysis

  7. Kidney Care UK, CKD Stage 5 (2025). https://kidneycareuk.org/kidney-disease-information/stages-of-kidney-disease/stage-5/

  8. Satyanarayana V, Narothama A. Chronic Kidney Disease (2023). Stat Pearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/

  9. UK Kidney Association, KFRE (2025). https://www.ukkidney.org/sites/renal.org/files/KFRE%20UKKA%2003.22.pdf

  10. NICE. Chronic kidney disease in adults (2017). QS5. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs5/chapter/quality-statement-2-blood-pressure-control

  11. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease (2021). Official Journal of the International Society of Nephrology. https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/KDIGO-2021-BP-GL.pdf

  12. NICE. Renal replacement therapy and conservative management (2018). NG107. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng107

  13. Gilbert J. Practice Guidelines Renal replacement therapy: summary of NICE guidance (2018). BMJ. https://www.bmj.com/content/363/bmj.k4303#:~:text=Renal%20replacement%20therapy%20explained,control%20of%20symptoms%20and%20complications

  14. Abdel-Rahman E, Hasan I, Abdelrazeq A, Rawabdeh A, Liu M, Ghahramani N, Sheikh-Hamad D, Murea M, Kadambi P, Ikizler A, Awad A. Early Versus Late Initiation of Dialysis in CKD Stage 5: Time for a Consensus (2024). Stat Pearls. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024924019508

  15. National Institute of Diabetes. Digestive and Kidney Disease, Peritoneal Dialysis (2018).  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/peritoneal-dialysis#:~:text=Peritoneal%20dialysis%20is%20a%20treatment,a%20catheter%2C%20in%20your%20belly

  16. British Dietetic Association. Kidney Specialist Group. Managing Your Salt and Fluid (2024). https://www.bda.uk.com/specialist-groups-and-branches/kidney-dietitian-specialist-group/resources/patient-information-resources-and-recipes/diet-sheets-fact-sheets-and-booklets/salt-and-fluid.html

  17. National Kidney Foundation. CKD Diet: How much protein is the right amount? (2025). https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/ckd-diet-how-much-protein-right-amount

  18. The Renal Association. Clinical Practice Guideline: Undernutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease. https://www.ukkidney.org/sites/default/files/FINAL-Nutrition-guideline-June-2019-RNG-endorsed.pdf

  19. UK Kidney Association (UKKA). Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Disease. https://www.ukkidney.org/sites/renal.org/files/FINAL%20FORMATTED%20UKKA%20commentary%20on%20KDIGO%202021%20Clinical%20Practice%20Guideline%20for%20the%20Management%20of%20Glomerular%20Diseases%20160523.pdf#:~:text=Daily%20sodium%20intake%20must%20be%20kept%20at,dietary%20changes%20should%20be%20guided%20by%20paediatric

  20. UK Kidney Association (UKKA). Nutritional considerations in adult patients with acute kidney injury. https://www.ukkidney.org/sites/default/files/AKI_Nutrition_Guide.pdf

  21. Lambert K, Bahceci S, Harrison H, Chan M, Scholes-Robertson N, Johnson DW, Yip A, Viecelli AK. Caring for Australians and New Zealanders with Kidney Impairment (CARI) Guideline Group. Commentary on the 2020 update of the KDOQI clinical practice guideline for nutrition in chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton). 2022 Jun;27(6):537-540. doi: 10.1111/nep.14025. Epub 2022 Feb 3. PMID: 35118773; PMCID: PMC9303594. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9303594/

  22. Ikizler T Alp et al. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD: 2020 Update. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, S1-S107

  23. https://nutrition2me.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Chronic-Kidney-Disease.pdf

  24. University of Wollongong. Plant-based diet trial boosts health for people living with kidney disease (2025). https://www.uow.edu.au/media/2025/plant-based-diet-trial-boosts-health-for-people-living-with-kidney-disease.php

  25. Stanford J, Zuck M, Stefoska-Needham A, Charlton K, Lambert K. Acceptability of Plant-Based Diets for People with Chronic Kidney Disease: Perspectives of Renal Dietitians (2022). Nutrients. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35011091/

  26. British Dietetic Association. Vegetarian, vegan and plant-based diet (2025). https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/vegetarian-vegan-plant-based-diet.html

  27. Kidney Care UK. Choosing a plant-based diet with CKD (2025). https://kidneycareuk.org/get-support/healthy-diet-support/patient-info-healthy-eating-and-lifestyle-for-your-kidneys/choosing-a-plant-based-diet-with-ckd/

  28. British Dietetic Association. Kidney Specialist Group. Eating More Plant-Based Foods (2025). https://www.bda.uk.com/static/19282d71-85be-47f6-a40240144a4cfd1b/Eating-more-PB-foods-with-CKD-13325.pdf

  29. Kidney Care UK. Healthy Eating and Lifestyle for Your Kidneys (2023). https://kidneycareuk.org/get-support/healthy-diet-support/patient-info-healthy-eating-and-lifestyle-for-your-kidneys/

  30. Padial M, Taylor A, Sabatino A, Piccoli G, Avesani C (2023). From ultra-processed foods towards healthy eating for CKD patients: a proposal of educational infographics. Journal of Nephrology; vol 37:323-329. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40620-023-01817-3

  31. British Dietetics Association, Kidney Specialist Group, Ultraprocessed Food Labelling, 2025.file:///C:/Users/ladyk/OneDrive/Documents/renal/UPF-vs-NF-PDF%20(2).pdf

SPOTLIGHT ON… ENHANCING DIETETIC CARE IN HEPATOLOGY: SERVICE IMPROVEMENT

  1. Eghtesad S et al. Malnutrition in liver cirrhosis: the influence of protein and sodium. Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases, vol 5,2 (2013): 65-75.

  2. Bischoff SC et al. ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition in liver disease. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), vol 39,12 (2020): 3533-3562

  3. Moore KP and Aithal GP. Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis. Gut, vol 55; Suppl 6 (2006): vi1-12

  4. Kearney O & Wild D. Liver disease and nutrition support in adults. PENG (2018)

  5. Tsien CD et al. Late evening snack: exploiting a period of anabolic opportunity in cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol and Hepatol. (2012); 27(3):430-441

  6. Chen CJ et al. Significant effects of late evening snack on liver functions in patients with liver cirrhosis: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Journal of Gastroenterol and Hepatol. (2019); 34:1143-1152

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND MEN’S HEALTH by Hazel Long RNutr

  1. NHS (2024). Health Survey For England, 2022 Part 1. NHS

  2. Office for National Statistics (2022)

  3. World Cancer Research Fund (2025). Alcohol and Cancer. Alcohol and cancer | World Cancer Research Fund Date Accessed 12/03/2025

  4. World Cancer Research Fund (2022). Men’s Health Guide.

  5. Cancer Research UK (2025). Bowel Cancer Statistics. Bowel cancer statistics | Cancer Research UK Date Accessed 12/03/2025

  6. Cancer Research UK (2025). Liver Cancer Statistics. Liver cancer statistics | Cancer Research UK Date Accessed 12/03/2025

  7. Jackson et al (2023). Trends in Public Awareness and Knowledge of Drinking Guidelines: A Representative Population Survey in England, 2016-2022. Alcohol Alcoholism. 58(4): 415-425

  8. US Surgeon General’s Advisory (2025). Alcohol and Cancer Risk. Alcohol and Cancer Risk 2024 Date Accessed 12/03/2025

  9. Briasoulis et al (2012). Alcohol Consumption and the risk of Hypertension in Men and Women: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Hypertens. 14(11): 792-798

  10. Kang et al (2024). Reduced Alcohol Consumption and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among Individuals with Previously High Alcohol Consumption. Cardiology. 7(3):e244013

  11. Cecchini et al (2024). Alcohol Intake and Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Nonexperimental Cohort Studies. Hypertension. 81(8):1701-1715

  12. British Heart Foundation (2025). Facts and Figures. Facts and figures - Information for journalists - BHF Date accessed 20/03/2025

  13. Sasso A et al (2022) Strategies to cut down drinking, alcohol consumption and usual drinking frequency: Evidence from a British online market research survey. Soc Sci Med. 310: 115280

  14. Karoly HC et al (2024). Alcohol and Brain Structure Across the Lifespan: A systematic Review of Large-Scale Neuroimaging Studies. Addict Biol. 21(2):144-148

  15. Mental Health Foundation (2025). Men and Mental Health. Men and mental health | Mental Health Foundation Date accessed 20/03/2025

  16. Men’s Health Forum (2025). Serious Drinking. Alcohol Made Easy. Serious Drinking | Men's Health Forum Date accessed 26/06/2025

  17. Oldham et al (2024). Effectiveness of a smartphone app (Drink Less) versus usual digital care for reducing alcohol consumption among increasing and higher risk adult drinkers in the UK: a two-arm, parallel-group, double-blind randomised controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine. 70:102534

  18. Angus et al (2025). Modelling the Potential Health, Health Economic and Health Inequity Impact of a Large-Scale Rollout of the Drink Less App in England. Value in Health. 28(2): 215-223

UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION AFTER SURGERY by Holly Monday-Jones, RD

  1. Brindle M, Nelson G, Lobo D, Ljungqvist O, Gustafsson U (2020). Recommendations from the ERAS® Society for standards for the development of enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines, BJS Open, 4 (1), 157-163

  2. Ivascu R, Torsin LI, Hostiuc L, Nitipir C, Corneci D, Dutu M (2024). The Surgical Stress Response and Anesthesia: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med,13(10):3017

  3. Cusack B, Buggy D (2020). Anaesthesia, analgesia, and the surgical stress response. BJA Educ, 20(9):321-328

  4. Giannoudis P, Dinopoulos H, Chalidis B, Hall G (2006). Surgical Stress Response. Injury, 37(5), S3-S9

  5. Finnerty C, Mabvuure NT, Ali A, Kozar RA, Herndon DN (2013). The Surgically Induced Stress Response. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 37(5 suppl), 21S-29S

  6. Martínez-Ortega AJ, Piñar-Gutiérrez A, Serrano-Aguayo P, González-Navarro I, Remón-Ruíz PJ et al (2022). Perioperative Nutritional Support: A Review of Current Literature. Nutrients. 14(8):1601

  7. Loon MM, Goshe M, Rashid M, Shehryar A, Rehman A et al (2024). Impact of Preoperative Nutritional Support on Surgical Outcomes in Gastrointestinal Surgeries: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 16(3):e56416

  8. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2020). Perioperative Care in Adults: Evidence review for nutritional screening in preoperative assessment (NICE guide NG180):  https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng180/evidence/g-nutritional-screening-in-preoperative-assessment-pdf-8833151060

  9. Dikle AM, Dumbre SP (2025). Comparative Study of Early Versus Late Enteral Feeding in the Postoperative Period Following Small and Large Bowel Surgeries, Cureus, 17;17(2):e79137

  10. Canzan F, Longhini J, Caliaro A, Cavada M, Mezzalira E, Paiella S, Ambrosi E (2024). The effect of early oral postoperative feeding on the recovery of intestinal mobility after gastrointestinal surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Frontiers in Nutrition,11

  11. Bugaev N, Bhattacharya B, Chiu W, Como J, Cripps M, et al (2019). Promotility agents for the treatment of ileus in adult surgical patients. J Trauma, 87(4), 922-934

REHABILITATION AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY: REBUILDING FROM WITHIN by Salma Khattak

  1. Bruce M Wolfe et al (2016). Treatment of obesity:weight loss and bariatric surgery. Circ Res, 118(11), p 1844-55

  2. Philip R Schauer et al (2017). Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes-5-year outcomes. N Engl J Med, 376(7), pp. 641-651

  3. Lars Sjöström et al (2012). Bariatric surgery and long-term cardiovascular events. JAMA, 307(1), pp. 56-65

  4. Jan-Niclus Kersebaum et al (2020). Robotic roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure guide. JSLS, 24(4)

  5. Leena Khaitan et al (2020). Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy, long and short-term impact on weight loss and associated co-morbidities. Ann Transl Med, 8 (suppl 1)

  6. Niccolo Furbetta et al (2020). Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, the past, the present and the future. Ann Transl Med, 8 (suppl 1).

  7. Jeffery I Mechanik et al (2008). American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, The Obesity Society, and American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery Medical guidelines for clinical practice for the perioperative nutritional, metabolic, and nonsurgical support of the bariatric. endo pract, 14(suppl 1), p 1-83

  8. Busetto L et al (2017). Practical recommendations of the obesity management task force of the European Association for the Study of Obesity for the post-bariatric surgery medical management. Obes Facts, 10(6), pp 597-632

  9. Linda Aills et al (2008). ASMBS Allied Health Nutritional Guidelines for the Surgical Weight Loss Patient. ASMBS guidelines, 4(5), p S73-S108

  10. Valentine Lvezaj et al (2018). The Complexity of Body Image Following Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature. obes review, 19(8), p 1116-1140

  11. Shilton H (2025). Bariatric surgery. Aust J Gen Pract, 54(4), p 202-206

  12. Estela Benito et al (2020). Fertility and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Following Bariatric Surgery. J Clin Endocrin Metab, 105(9), p 439

METABOLIC DISORDERS, STIGMA AND BEHAVIOUR CHANGE by Suzanne Ford

  1. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/newborn-blood-spot-screening-laboratory-guide-for-imds/a-laboratory-guide-to-newborn-blood-spot-screening-for-inherited-metabolic-diseases (accessed 18/05/2025)

  2. MacDonald A, Van Wegberg AMJ, Ahring K, Beblo S, Bélanger-Quintana A, Burlina A, Campistol J, Coşkun T, Feillet F, Giżewska M and Huijbregts SC (2020). PKU dietary handbook to accompany PKU guidelines. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 15, p 1-21

  3. Ford S, O'Driscoll M and MacDonald A (2018). Living with Phenylketonuria: Lessons from the PKU community. Molecular genetics and metabolism reports, 17, pp.57-6

  4. Maslow AH (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation; Psychological Review, 50, 370-396

  5. Diesen PS, Wiig I, Grut L and Kase BF (2015). Betwixt and between being healthy and ill: the stigma experienced by young adults with phenylketonuria. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Rese

  6. Chelvanayagam S (2014). Stigma, taboos, and altered bowel function. Gastrointestinal Nursing, 12(1), pp.16-22.arch, 17(4), p 321-334

  7. Grytten N & Maseide P (2005). 'What is expressed is not always what is felt': Coping with stigma and the embodiment of perceived illegitimacy of multiple sclerosis. Chronic Illness, 2005 1, 231-243

  8. Engebretson J (2013). Understanding stigma in chronic health conditions: Implications for nursing. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 25(10), p 545-550

  9. Bakula DM, Sharkey CM, Perez MN, Espeleta HC, Hawkins M, Chaney J & Mullins LL (2019). The role of stigma in the relationship between illness intrusiveness and adjustment in adolescents and young adults: A path model. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2019, 1-9

  10. Cochrane B, Schwahn B, Galloway P, Robinson P and Gerasimidis K (2014). A questionnaire survey on the usage of low-protein staple foods by people with phenylketonuria in Scotland. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 27(6), p 533-541

  11. So, What CAN you eat? (2021). Directed by Jack Everitt; http://www.sowhatcanyoueat.com/ Amazon Prime and Vimeo on Demand

  12. O’Connor P (2022). Living with PKU – A low protein life with Phenylketonuria (O’Connor, UK)

  13. Soufi A, Mok E, Henderson M, Dasgupta K, Rahme E, Nakhla M. Association of stigma, diabetes distress and self-efficacy with quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes preparing to transition to adult care. Diabet Med. 2024; 41:e15159. doi:10.1111/dme.15159

  14. Goldberg DS (2017). On stigma & health. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 45, 475-483

  15. Phelan SM, Salinas M, Pankey T, Cummings G, Allen JSP, Waniger A, Miller NE, Lebow J, Dovidio JF, van Ryn M and Doubeni CA (2023). Patient and healthcare professional perspectives on stigma in integrated behavioural health: barriers and recommendations. The Annals of Family Medicine, 21(Suppl 2), p S56-S60

NUT NUTRITION: AN UPDATE ON THE EVIDENCE BASE by Farihah Choudhury ANutr

  1. EAT-Lancet Commission (2020). Diets for a Better Future G20 National Dietary Guidelines

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  3. Dikariyanto V, Berry S, Pot G, Francis L, Smith L & Hall W (2020). Tree nut snack consumption is associated with better diet quality and CVD risk in the UK adult population: National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008–2014. Public Health Nutrition, 1-10. doi:10.1017/S1368980019003914

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  6. De Souza RGM, Schincaglia RM, Pimentel GD, Mota JF (2017). Nuts and Human Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 9, 1311

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  8. Aune D, Keum N, Giovannucci E et al (2016). Nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMC Med 14, 207. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-016-0730-3

  9. Dikariyanto V, Berry S, Pot G, Francis L, Smith L & Hall W (2020). Tree nut snack consumption is associated with better diet quality and CVD risk in the UK adult population: National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008-2014. Public Health Nutrition, 1-10. doi:10.1017/S1368980019003914

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  11. Daily Cargo News (2025). UK FREE TRADE DEAL SWEETENING, MINISTER SAYS. Available: https://www.thedcn.com.au/region/australia/uk-free-trade-deal-sweetening-minister-says/

  12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn. Accessed 5th May 2025. NB these are American dietary reference values, as these are not available on the UK nutrition reference database (McCance & Widdowson’s Composition of Food Integrated Database 2021)

  13. Serdar Ü and Fulbright D (eds) (2019). Achieving sustainable cultivation of tree nuts, Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, Cambridge

  14. Warnakulasuriya S, Chen THH. Areca Nut and Oral Cancer: Evidence from Studies Conducted in Humans. J Dent Res. 2022 Sep;101(10):1139-1146. doi: 10.1177/00220345221092751. Epub 2022 Apr 22. PMID: 35459408; PMCID: PMC9397398

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  16. Farrand P, Rowe R. Areca nut use amongst South Asian schoolchildren in Tower Hamlets, London: the extent to which the habit is engaged in within the family and used to suppress hunger. Community Dent Health. 2006 Mar;23(1):58-60. PMID: 16555720

  17. Petti S, Warnakulasuriya S. Betel quid chewing among adult male immigrants from the Indian subcontinent to Italy. Oral Dis. 2018 Mar;24(1-2):44-48. doi: 10.1111/odi.12768. PMID: 29480602

  18. Bell L, Dodd GF, Jeavons M, Fisher DR, Whyte AR, Shukitt-Hale B & Williams CM (2025). The impact of a walnut-rich breakfast on cognitive performance and brain activity throughout the day in healthy young adults: a crossover intervention trial. Food & Function, DOI: 10.1039/d4fo04832f

  19. Wild H, Nurgozhina M, Gasevic D, Coates AM, Woods RL, Ryan J, Beilin L, Govindaraju T, McNeil JJ, Owen AJ. Nut consumption and disability-free survival in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study, Age and Ageing, Volume 53, Issue 11, November 2024, afae239

  20. The Conversation (October 2023). In praise of almonds and nuts. Available: https://theconversation.com/in-praise-of-almonds-and-nuts-212919. Accessed: Monday 5th May 2025

  21. NUTPOOL World Epidemiological Study. Available: https://nutpool.eu/

BEYOND THE CLINIC: THE DIETITIAN’S ROLE IN ADDRESSING ONLINE NUTRITION MISINFORMATION by Joanna Injore

  1. Guess AM, Lyons. Misinformation, disinformation, and online propaganda. Persily N and Tucker JA (Eds). Social media and democracy: The state of the field, prospects for reform. Cambridge University Press (2020), p 10-33

  2. Denniss E, Lindberg R, Marchese LE et al. Fail: the quality and accuracy of nutrition-related information by influential Australian Instagram accounts. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act; 21, 16 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-024-01565-y

  3. Zeng M, Grgurevic J, Diyab R, Roy R. #WhatIEatinaDay: The Quality, Accuracy, and Engagement of Nutrition Content on TikTok. Nutrients. 2025 Feb 24;17(5):781. doi: 10.3390/nu17050781. PMID: 40077651; PMCID: PMC11901546.

  4. Pentina I, Tarafdar P. From ‘information’ to ‘knowing’: Exploring the role of social media in contemporary news consumption. Computers in Human Behaviour; 35(2014), p 211-223, 10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.045

  5. Johnson SB, Parsons M, Dorff T, Moran MS, Ward JH, Cohen SA, Akerley W, Bauman J, Hubbard J, Spratt DE, Bylund CL, Swire-Thompson B, Onega T, Scherer LD, Tward J, Fagerlin A. Cancer Misinformation and Harmful Information on Facebook and Other Social Media: A Brief Report. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2022 Jul 11;114(7):1036-1039. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djab141. PMID: 34291289; PMCID: PMC9275772.

  6. Nickerson RS (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175-220. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175

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  8. Diekman, Connie et al. Misinformation and Disinformation in Food Science and Nutrition: Impact on Practice. The Journal of Nutrition; Vol 153, Issue 1, 3-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.001

  9. HCPC. Guidance on the use of social media. Available at: https://www.hcpc-uk.org/standards/meeting-our-standards/communication-and-using-social-media/guidance-on-use-of-social-media/. Accessed 04.05.25

  10. Ads and Fads- Combating Nutrition Misinformation Online. Available at: https://www.bda.uk.com/news-campaigns/campaigns/ads-and-fads.html. Accessed 04.05.25

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS by Farihah Choudhury, ANutr

  1. Association for Nutrition (2020). Public Health Nutrition. Available: https://www.associationfornutrition.org/latest-news/faq/public-health-nutrition

  2. Marmot M, Goldblatt P, Allen J, et al (2010) Fair Society, Healthy Lives (The Marmot Review). Available: https://www.instituteofhealthequity.org/resources-reports/fair-society-healthy-lives-the-marmot-review/fair-society-healthy-lives-exec-summary-pdf.pdf

  3. Marmot M, Allen J, Boyce, T et al (2020) Health equity in England: The Marmot Review 10 years on. London: Institute of Health Equity. Available: https://www.instituteofhealthequity.org/resources-reports/marmot-review-10-years-on 

  4. Tackling obesity: empowering adults and children to live healthier lives (2020). Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tackling-obesity-government-strategy/tackling-obesity-empowering-adults-and-children-to-live-healthier-lives

  5. National Food Strategy (2020, 2021) Available: https://www.nationalfoodstrategy.org

  6. Government Food Strategy (2022). Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/government-food-strategy/government-food-strategy

  7. The NHS Long Term Plan (2019). Available: https://www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/publication/nhs-long-term-plan/

  8. City, University of London (2024) Available: https://www.citystgeorges.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2024/may/healthy-start-life-changing-reframed-better-coordination

  9. Food Foundation (2025). Open letter to MPs. Available: https://foodfoundation.org.uk/publication/more-80-campaigners-call-urgent-healthy-start-improvements

  10. Holford, A. and Rabe B., (2022) Impacts of Local Authority Universal Free School Meal schemes on Child Obesity and Household Food Expenditure, MiSoC Explainer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5526/misoc-2022-003

  11. Department for Education (2024) Available: https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/find-statistics/school-pupils-and-their-characteristics/2023-24

  12. Child Poverty Action Group (2024) https://cpag.org.uk/news/number-children-poverty-not-eligible-free-school-meals-nation-and-region

  13. Local Government Association (2025). Available: https://www.local.gov.uk/parliament/briefings-and-responses/free-school-meals-automatic-registration-eligible-children-bill

  14. Scarborough P, Adhikari V, Harrington RA, Elhussein A, Briggs A, Rayner M, et al. (2020) Impact of the announcement and implementation of the UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy on sugar content, price, product size and number of available soft drinks in the UK, 2015-19: A controlled interrupted time series analysis. PLoS Med 17(2): e1003025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003025

THE LAST WORD: CALCIUM INTAKE AND BREAST CANCER PREVENTION by Fareeha Jay, RD

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  2. Regan L Bailey, Kevin W Dodd, Joseph A Goldman, Jaime J Gahche, Johanna T Dwyer, Alanna J Moshfegh, Christopher T Sempos, Mary Frances Picciano. Estimation of Total Usual Calcium and Vitamin D Intakes in the United States. The Journal of Nutrition. Vol 140, Issue 4,2010, p 817-822,ISSN 0022-3166,https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.118539

  3. Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy, Amir Bagheri, Maryam Mofidi Nejad, Bagher Larijani, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh. Association between calcium intake and risk of breast cancer: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, Vol 55, 2023, p 251-259,ISSN 2405-4577,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.03.026

  4. JoEllen Welsh. Vitamin D and breast cancer: insights from animal models 23. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 80, Issue 6, 2004,p 172. 1S-1724S,ISSN 0002-9165,https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1721S.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000291652203773X)

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  6. Susanna C Larsson, Leif Bergkvist, Alicja Wolk. Long-term dietary calcium intake and breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort of women, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 89, Issue 1, 2009, p 277-282,ISSN 0002-9165

  7. Almquist M Manjer J, Bondeson L et al. Serum calcium and breast cancer risk: results from a prospective cohort study of 7,847 women. Cancer Causes Control, 18, 595–602 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-007-9001-0

  8. Royal Marsden Patient Information (2024). Calcium and Vitamin D. https://patientinfolibrary.royalmarsden.nhs.uk/document/download/1752