References June 25 - issue 200

MYTH BUSTING WITH MADI - INTERMITTENT FASTING: WHAT THE EVIDENCE (AND CLINICAL TRIALS) ACTUALLY SHOW

  1. Gu et al (2022). Effects of Intermittent Fasting in Human Compared to a Non-intervention Diet and Caloric Restriction: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Nutr. 9:871682. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.871682

  2. Sun et al (2024). Intermittent fasting and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. EClinicalMedicine. 70:102519. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102519

  3. Barnosky et al (2014) Intermittent fasting vs daily calorie restriction for type 2 diabetes prevention: a review of human findings. Transl Res. 164(4):302-11. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.05.013

  4. Horne et al (2025). Weight loss-independent changes in human growth hormone during water-only fasting: a secondary evaluation of a randomized controlled trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 15:1401780. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1401780

  5. Zauner et al (2000). Resting energy expenditure in short-term starvation is increased as a result of an increase in serum norepinephrine. Am J Clin Nutr. 71(6):1511-5. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1511

  6. Chang et al (2024). Time-restricted eating improves health because of energy deficit and circadian rhythm: A systematic review and meta-analysis. iScience. 27(2):109000. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109000

  7. Allison et al (2021). Prolonged, Controlled Daytime versus Delayed Eating Impacts Weight and Metabolism. Curr Biol. 31(4):908. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.077.

  8. Longo & Mattson (2014). Fasting: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Cell Metab. 19(2):181-92. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.008

  9. Longo et al (2021). Intermittent and periodic fasting, longevity and disease. Nat Aging. 1(1):47-59. doi: 10.1038/s43587-020-00013-3

  10. Kim et al (2022). Updated Meta-Analysis of Studies from 2011 to 2021 Comparing the Effectiveness of Intermittent Energy Restriction and Continuous Energy Restriction. J Obes Metab Syndr. 31(3):230-244. doi: 10.7570/jomes22050. PMID: 36177730

  11. Vasim et al (2022). Intermittent Fasting and Metabolic Health. Nutrients. 14(3):631. doi: 10.3390/nu14030631

  12. Carter et al (2018). Effect of Intermittent Compared With Continuous Energy Restricted Diet on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 1(3):e180756. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0756

  13. Domaszewski et al (2024). Examining Associations Between Fasting Behavior, Orthorexia Nervosa, and Eating Disorders. Nutrients. 16(24):4275. doi: 10.3390/nu16244275 

THE GUT MICROBIOME: WHAT WE KNOW (AND WHAT WE'VE MISSED) by Hazel Clarke, RD

  1. Fackelmann G, Manghi P, Carlino N, Heidrich V, Piccinno G, Ricci L, Piperni E, Arrè A, Bakker E, Creedon A C, Francis L, Capdevila Pujol J, Davies R, Wolf J, Bermingham KM, Berry SE, Spector TD, Asnicar F and Segata N (2025). Gut microbiome signatures of vegan, vegetarian and omnivore diets and associated health outcomes across 21,561 individuals. Nature microbiology, 10(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-024-01870-z

  2. Ross FC, Patangia D, Grimaud G, Lavelle A, Dempsey EM, Ross RP and Stanton C (2024). The interplay between diet and the gut microbiome: implications for health and disease. Nature reviews. Microbiology, 22(11), 671-686. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-024-01068-4

  3. He S, Li H, Yu Z, Zhang F, Liang S, Liu H, Chen H and Lü M (2021). The Gut Microbiome and Sex Hormone-Related Diseases. Frontiers in microbiology, 12, 711137. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.711137

  4. Gibson GR, Hutkins R, Sanders ME, Prescott,SL, Reimer RA, Salminen SJ, Scott K, Stanton C, Swanson KS, Cani PD, Verbeke K and Reid G (2017). Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 14(8), 491-502. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75

  5. Chang C and Lin H (2016). Dysbiosis in gastrointestinal disorders. Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology, 30(1), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2016.02.001

  6. Góralczyk-Bińkowska A, Szmajda-Krygier D and Kozłowska E (2022). The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders. International journal of molecular sciences, 23(19), 11245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911245

  7. Mullish BH, Quraishi MN, Segal JP, Ianiro G and Iqbal TH (2020). The gut microbiome: what every gastroenterologist needs to know. Frontline gastroenterology, 12(2), 118-127. https://doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2019-101376

  8. Dong TS and Gupta A (2019). Influence of Early Life, Diet, and the Environment on the Microbiome. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology: the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 17(2), 231-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2018.08.067

  9. Ma ZS and Li W (2019). How and Why Men and Women Differ in Their Microbiomes: Medical Ecology and Network Analyses of the Microgenderome. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 6(23), 1902054. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201902054

  10. National Institutes of Health (NIH) (1993). NIH Revitalization Act of 1993. Available at: https://orwh.od.nih.gov/toolkit/recruitment/history (Accessed: 25th March 2025)

  11. Vemuri R, Sylvia KE, Klein SL, Forster SC, Plebanski M, Eri R and Flanagan KL (2019). The microgenderome revealed: sex differences in bidirectional interactions between the microbiota, hormones, immunity and disease susceptibility. Seminars in immunopathology, 41(2), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-018-0716-7; Full report here: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6500089/

  12. Department of Health and Social Care (2022). Women’s Health Strategy for England. London: GOV.UK. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/womens-health-strategy-for-england (Accessed: 25th March 2025)

  13. Mulak A, Taché Y and Larauche M (2014). Sex hormones in the modulation of irritable bowel syndrome. World journal of gastroenterology, 20(10), 2433-2448. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i10.2433

  14. Wang L, Alammar N, Singh R, Nanavati J, Song Y, Chaudhary R and Mullin GE (2020). Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 120(4), 565-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2019.05.015

  15. Pittayanon R, Lau JT, Leontiadis GI, Tse F, Yuan Y, Surette M and Moayyedi P (2020). Differences in Gut Microbiota in Patients With vs Without Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review. Gastroenterology, 158(4), 930-946.e1. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.294

  16. McKenzie YA, Thompson J, Gulia P, Lomer MC and (IBS Dietetic Guideline Review Group on behalf of Gastroenterology Specialist Group of the British Dietetic Association) (2016). British Dietetic Association systematic review of systematic reviews and evidence-based practice guidelines for the use of probiotics in the management of irritable bowel syndrome in adults (2016 update). Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association, 29(5), 576-592. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12386

PAEDIATRIC FOOD ALLERGY by Joanne Mainwaring, RD, SFHEA

  1. Collinson A, Waddell L, Freeman-Hughes A and Hickson M (2022). Impact of a dietitian in general practice: paediatric food allergy. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 36(3) 707-715 https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.13130

  2. Turner P et al (2024). Time trends in the epidemiology of food allergy in England: an observational analysis of Clinical Practice Research Datalink data. Lancet Public Health 9: e664-73

  3. Morou Z, Tatsioni A, Dimoliatis ID, Papadopoulos NG (2014). Health-related quality of life in children with food allergy and their parents: a systematic review of the literature. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 24(6):382-95. PMID: 25668890

  4. Arnold S, Patterson L and Neill C (2020). Incidence and prevalence and the epidemiologist’s bathtub. Public Health Agency, available online at https://www.publichealth.hscni.net/node/5277 (accessed 17th March 2025)

  5. Trogen B, Jacobs S, Nowak-Wegrzyn A. Early Introduction of Allergenic Foods and the Prevention of Food Allergy. Nutrients. 2022 Jun 21;14(13):2565. doi: 10.3390/nu14132565. PMID: 35807745; PMCID: PMC9268235

  6. Lee ECK, Trogen B, Brady K et al (2024). The Natural History and Risk Factors for the Development of Food Allergies in Children and Adults. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 24, 121-131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-024-01131-3

  7. Zhang S, Sicherer S, Berin MC, Agyemang A. Pathophysiology of Non-IgE-Mediated Food Allergy. Immunotargets Ther. 2021 Dec 29;10:431-446. doi: 10.2147/ITT.S284821. PMID: 35004389; PMCID: PMC8721028

  8. NICE (2018). Food allergy in under 19s: assessment and diagnosis – clinical guidelines CG116. NICE available online www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg116/chapter/recommendations#non-ige-mediated-food-allergy (accessed 23/03/2025)

  9. Nowak-Węgrzyn A et al (2015). Non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol 135, Issue 5, 1114-1124

  10. GP Infant Feeding Network (2019). The milk allergy in primary care (MAP) guideline, available online from https://gpifn.org.uk/imap/ accessed 23/3/2025

  11. BDA Food Allergy Specialist Group (FASG) (2018). A guide to the home introduction of egg for children. Available online https://www.bda.uk.com/static/72e23fa0-d816-4b73-9e55748173c287fd/FASG-Children-Egg-Ladder-20052021.pdf (accessed 23/3/2025)

  12. Said S (2024). Starting school or childcare with food allergy – a parents view. Allergy and Anaphylaxis Australia. Available online at https://allergyfacts.org.au/starting-school-or-childcare-with-food-allergy-a-parents-view/ (23/03/2025)

  13. Knyziak-Mędrzycka I, Majsiak E, Cukrowska B. Allergic March in Children: The Significance of Precision Allergy Molecular Diagnosis (PAMD@) in Predicting Atopy Development and Planning Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy. Nutrients. 2023 Feb 15;15(4):978. doi: 10.3390/nu15040978. PMID: 36839334; PMCID: PMC9961516

  14. Bantz SK, Zhu Z, Zheng T. The Atopic March: Progression from Atopic Dermatitis to Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma. J Clin Cell Immunol. 2014 Apr;5(2):202. doi: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000202. PMID: 25419479; PMCID: PMC4240310

  15. Gupta R, Lau C, Sita E, Smith B, Greenhawt M (2013). Factors associated with reported food allergy tolerance among US children. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, Vol 111, Issue 3, pp194-198.e4, ISSN 1081-1206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2013.06.026

  16. The Natasha Allergy Research Foundation (2025). www.narf.org.uk/lets-make-some-noise-about-food-allergies-survey-2024 (accessed 223/03/2025)

  17. FARE (2025). Food allergy research education. Oral immunotherapy in practice. Available online at www.foodallergy.org/resources/oral-immunotherapy-oit-practice (accessed 23/03/2025)

  18. Mori et al (2021). Oral immunotherapy for food allergic children: A pro-con debate. Frontiers in immunology; Sep 28;12:636612. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636612. PMID: 34650547; PMCID: PMC8507468

MALNUTRITION AND CHRONIC DISEASE: A GROWING CONCERN FOR GLOBAL HEALTH by Ines Jabir, BSc, RD

  1. WHO. Malnutrition. (2024). Available from: www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/malnutrition. [Accessed April 3rd 2025].

  2. WHO. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (2021). Available from: www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds). [Accessed April 3rd 2025]

  3. Walker AF. Potential micronutrient deficiency lacks recognition in diabetes. Br J Gen Pract [internet]. 2007;57(534):3-4. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2032692/.[Accessed April 3rd 2025]

  4. Muscaritoli M, Lucia S, Farcomeni A, et al. PreMiO Study Group. Prevalence of malnutrition in patients at first medical oncology visit: the PreMiO study. Oncotarget [internet]. 2017 [April 3rd 2025]; 8(45): 79884-79896. Available from: doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.20168

ARE SKINNY JABS THE ANSWER? by Laura Kaar-Todd, RD

  1. Almandoz JP, Wadden TA, Tewksbury C, et al. Nutritional considerations with antiobesity medications. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2024; 32(9): 1613-1631. doi:10.1002/oby.24067

  2. PRN01728_Expanding Access to the Weight Loss Drug Tirzepatide - FAQs_December 2024_ Final 5.12.24.docx

  3. Accessing Wegovy for weight loss: Everything you need to know – Department of Health and Social Care Media Centre

  4. Semaglutide, a glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist with cardiovascular benefits for management of type 2 diabetes - PMC

  5. Tirzepatide | Drugs | BNF | NICE

  6. 1 Recommendations | Semaglutide for managing overweight and obesity | Guidance | NICE

  7. Retatrutide: Uses, Side Effects, Availability and More

  8. Long-term weight loss effects of semaglutide in obesity without diabetes in the SELECT trial | Nature Medicine

  9. GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes – state-of-the-art - PMC

  10. Anti-inflammatory benefits of semaglutide: State of the art - ScienceDirect

  11. rationale, design and baseline data of FLOW, a kidney outcomes trial with once-weekly semaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease | Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation | Oxford Academic

  12. Semaglutide | Drugs | BNF | NICE

  13. Tirzepatide | Drugs | BNF | NICE

  14. Liraglutide | Drugs | BNF | NICE

  15. GLP-1 diabetes and weight-loss drug side effects: "Ozempic face" and more - Harvard Health

  16. Nadarajah S. Ozempic babies: are weight loss drugs leading to unintended pregnancies? BMJ 2025; 388 :q2440 doi:10.1136/bmj.q2440

  17. The risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidal behavior in patients with obesity on glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy | Scientific Reports.

  18. Overview | Tirzepatide for managing overweight and obesity | Guidance | NICE

  19. Mounjaro, Saxenda and Wegovy Weight Loss Treatment | Boots Online Doctor UK


THE ROLE OF PROTEIN FOR SPORTS AND EXERCISE IN THE ADULT POPULATION by Ruth Harvey, RD

  1. PHE (2021) National Diet and Nutrition Survey, GOV.UK. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/national-diet-and-nutrition-survey.

  2. Hector, A.J. and Phillips, S.M. (2018) ‘Protein Recommendations for Weight Loss in Elite Athletes: A Focus on Body Composition and Performance’, International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 28(2), pp. 170–177. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0273.

  3. Schoenfeld, B.J. and Aragon, A.A (2018). How much protein can the body use in a single meal for muscle building? Implications for daily protein distribution. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 15(10) DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0215-1

  4. Trommelen, J., van Lieshout, G.A.A., Nyakayiru, J., Goessens, J.P.B., Gijsen, A.P., and van Loon, L.J.C. (2023). The anabolic response to protein ingestion during recovery from exercise has no upper limit in magnitude and duration in vivo in humans. Cell Reports Medicine. Vol 4, Issue 12 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101324

  5. Jäger, R. (2017) ‘International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Protein and Exercise’, Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8.

  6. Hector, A.J. and Phillips, S.M. (2018) ‘Protein Recommendations for Weight Loss in Elite Athletes: A Focus on Body Composition and Performance’, International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 28(2), pp. 170–177. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0273.

  7. Kd, T. et al. (2001) Timing of Amino Acid-Carbohydrate Ingestion Alters Anabolic Response of Muscle to Resistance Exercise, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11440894/.

  8. Trommelen, J. and van Loon, L. (2016) ‘Pre-Sleep Protein Ingestion to Improve the Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Response to Exercise Training’, Nutrients, 8(12), p. 763. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8120763.

  9. Kinsey, A. and Ormsbee, M. (2015) ‘The Health Impact of Nighttime Eating: Old and New Perspectives’, Nutrients, 7(4), pp. 2648–2662. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7042648.

  10. SAUNDERS, M.J., KANE, M.D. and TODD, M.K. (2004) ‘Effects of a Carbohydrate-Protein Beverage on Cycling Endurance and Muscle Damage’, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(7), pp. 1233–1238. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000132377.66177.9f.

  11. Saunders, M.J., Luden, N.D. and Herrick, J.E. (2007) ‘Consumption of an Oral Carbohydrate-Protein Gel Improves Cycling Endurance and Prevents Postexercise Muscle Damage’, The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(3), p. 678. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1519/r-20506.1.

  12. Sollie, O. et al. (2018) ‘Protein intake in the early recovery period after exhaustive exercise improves performance the following day’, Journal of Applied Physiology, 125(6), pp. 1731–1742. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01132.2017.

  13. Smith-Ryan, A.E., Cabre, H.E. and Moore, S.R. (2022) ‘Active Women Across the Lifespan: Nutritional Ingredients to Support Health and Wellness’, Sports Medicine [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01755-3.

  14. Home | National Institute on Aging: Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (2025) Nih.gov. Available at: https://blsa.nih.gov (Accessed: 20 March 2025).

  15. NHS (2023) Adult physical activity, NDRS. Available at: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2021-part-2/physical-activity.

  16. More than half of older people don’t consume enough protein to stay healthy (2020) www.sheffield.ac.uk. Available at: https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/healthy-lifespan/news/more-half-older-people-dont-consume-enough-protein-stay-healthy.

  17. Cribb, P.J. et al. (2006) ‘The Effect of Whey Isolate and Resistance Training on Strength, Body Composition, and Plasma Glutamine’, International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 16(5), pp. 494–509. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.16.5.494.

  18. Smith-Ryan, A.E., Cabre, H.E. and Moore, S.R. (2022) ‘Active Women Across the Lifespan: Nutritional Ingredients to Support Health and Wellness’, Sports Medicine [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01755-3.

  19. Buford, T.W. et al. (2007) ‘International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: creatine supplementation and exercise’, Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 4(1), p. 6. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-4-6.

  20. Kreider, R.B. and Stout, J.R. (2021) ‘Creatine in Health and Disease’, Nutrients, 13(2), p. 447. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020447.

  21. Desai, I., Pandit, A., Smith-Ryan, A.E., Simar, D., Candow, D.G., Kaakoush, N.O. and Hagstrom, A.D. (2025). The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Lean Body Mass with and Without Resistance Training. Nutrients, [online] 17(6), pp.1081–1081. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17061081.

  22. Richard B. Kreider, Douglas S. Kalman, Jose Antonio, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Robert Wildman, Rick Collins, Darren G. Candow, Susan M. Kleiner, Anthony L. Almada & Hector L. Lopez (2017) International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine, Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14:1, 18, DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z 

PLANT-BASED MILK ALTERNATIVES by Danielle Jackson, RD

  1. Mintel (2021). The cream of the vegan milk crop: Sales of oat milk overtake almond in the UK. www.mintel.com/press-centre/the-cream-of-the-vegan-milk-crop-sales-of-oat-milk-overtake-almond-in-the-uk/

  2. Statista Search Department (2024). Which, if any, of the following best describes why you include plant-based milk in your diet nowadays? www.statista.com/statistics/1388209/consumers-reasons-for-drinking-plant-based-milk-in-the-united-kingdom/#statisticContainer

  3. EAT Lancet Commission (2018). Healthy Diets From Sustainable Food Systems https://eatforum.org

  4. Craig WJ, Messina V, Rowland I, Frankowska A, Bradbury J, Smetana S, Medici E (2023). Plant-Based Dairy Alternatives Contribute to a Healthy and Sustainable Diet. Nutrients. 15(15):3393.www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/15/3393>

  5. Medici E, Craig WJ, Rowland I (2023). A Comprehensive Analysis of the Nutritional Composition of Plant-Based Drinks and Yoghurt Alternatives in Europe. Nutrients. 15(15):3415. www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/15/3415

  6. NHS (2020). Vitamin D. www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-d/>

  7. NHS (2020). Iodine. www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/iodine/

  8. NHS (2020). B Vitamins and Folic Acid. www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-b/

  9. McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods Integrated Dataset (2021). www.gov.uk/government/publications/composition-of-foods-integrated-dataset-cofid

  10. Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Levy RB, Moubarac J-C, Jaime P, Martins AP, Canella D, Louzada ML, Parra D; with Ricardo C, Calixto G, Machado P, Martins C, Martinez E, Baraldi L, Garzillo J, Sattamini I (2016). NOVA. The star shines bright. World Nutrition. https://archive.wphna.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/WN-2016-7-1-3-28-38-Monteiro-Cannon-Levy-et-al-NOVA.pdf


THE LAST WORD: SOUTH ASIAN WOMEN AND MENOPAUSE by Fareeha Jay, RD

  1. Kriplani A, Banerjee K. An overview of the age of onset of menopause in northern India. Maturitas. 2005 Nov-Dec;52(3-4):199-204. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2005.02.001. PMID: 16257611

  2. Qazi RA. Age, pattern of menopause, climacteric symptoms and associated problems among the urban population of Hyderabad, Pakistan. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2006 Nov;16(11):700-3. PMID: 17052419

  3. Chen MN, Lin CC, Liu CF. Efficacy of phytoestrogens for menopausal symptoms: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Climacteric. 2015 Apr;18(2):260-9. doi: 10.3109/13697137.2014.966241. Epub 2014 Dec 1. PMID: 25263312; PMCID: PMC4389700

  4. Faubion SS, Kuhle CL, Shuster LT, Rocca WA. Long-term health consequences of premature or early menopause and considerations for management. Climacteric. 2015;18(4):483-91. doi: 10.3109/13697137.2015.1020484. Epub 2015 Apr 7. PMID: 25845383; PMCID: PMC4581591

  5. Sharma H, Zhang X, Dwivedi C. The effect of ghee (clarified butter) on serum lipid levels and microsomal lipid peroxidation. Ayu. 2010 Apr;31(2):134-40. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.72361. PMID: 22131700; PMCID: PMC3215354

  6. https://www.nursingtimes.net/research-and-innovation/south-asian-women-in-uk-may-have-higher-osteoporosis-risk-21-03-2017/

  7. LeCroy MN, Stevens J. Dietary intake and habits of South Asian immigrants living in Western countries. Nutr Rev. 2017 Jun 1;75(6):391-404. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nux023. PMID: 28591786; PMCID: PMC6280935

  8. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-d/