References June/July issue 181

UP FRONT – Editor’s column

  • 1 Sales revenue of vegetarian food and drink products and plant-based alternatives in the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/319948/vegetarian-products-sales-value-in-the-united-kingdom-uk/
  • 2 Almost half of UK adults set to cut intake of animal products. Almost half of UK adults set to cut intake of animal products. https://www.ipsos.com/en-uk/almost-half-uk-adults-set-cut-intake-animal-products
  • 3 got milk? Why plant-based alternatives are shaking up the dairy sector. https://www.grocerygazette.co.uk/2023/01/25/milk-plant-based-dairy-sector/
  • 4 Usage of milk by dairies in the United Kingdom statistics: January 2023 (published 02 March 2023). https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/historical-national-statistics-notices-on-milk-utilisation-by-dairies-2023/usage-of-milk-by-dairies-in-the-united-kingdom-statistics-january-2023-published-02-march-2023--2
  • 5 https://worldmilkday.org/world-milk-day-faq#whatis

 

MYTH BUSTING WITH MADI - SUPERFOOD POWDERS

  1. 1 Market Research.com Superfood Powders Market in UK 2021-2025. Available online: https://www.marketresearch.com/Infiniti-Research-Limited-v2680/Superfood-Powders-UK-30377163/
  2. Health Survey for England. Fruit & Vegetables. Available online: http://healthsurvey.hscic.gov.uk/data-visualisation/data-visualisation/explore-the-trends/fruit-vegetables.aspx
  3. Boon, Clitheroe and Forte (2004). Effects of greens+® a randomized, controlled trial. Can J Diet Prac Res. 65(2), pp. 66–71. https://doi.org/10.3148/65.2.2004.66.
  4. Zhang et al. (2006). Taking nutritional supplements for three months reduced blood pressure but not blood lipid levels in students. J Chiroprac Med. 5(2), pp. 53–59. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-3467(07)60133-5.
  5. van den Driessche et al. (2018). Effects of superfoods on risk factors of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review of human intervention trials. Food Funct. 9(4):1944-1966. doi: 10.1039/C7FO01792H.
  6. Jalilian et al. (2022). The effects of nutrition bio-shield superfood powder on immune system function: A clinical trial study among patients with COVID-19. Front Immunol. 13:919402. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919402.
  7. Advertising Standards Authority | Committee of Advertising Practice. Racing Greens Nutraceuticals Ltd, ASA. Available at: https://www.asa.org.uk/rulings/racing-greens-nutraceuticals-ltd-a18-443816.html
  8. Barakat et al. (2023). Risk factors for eating disorders: findings from a rapid review. J Eat Disord 11, 8 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-022-00717-4
  9. Williamson et al. (2004) Cognitive-behavioral theories of eating disorders. Behavior Modification, 28, 711-738. doi:10.1177/0145445503259853
  10. Gambino-Shirley et al. (2018). Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Virchow Infections Linked to a Powdered Meal Replacement Product-United States, 2015-2016. Clin Infect Dis. 67(6):890-896. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy195.

 

COVER STORY CYSTIC FIBROSIS MANAGEMENT IN ADULTS by Ruth Harvey RD

  1. Cystic Fibrosis Trust (nd). Cystic fibrosis genetics - what causes CF? [online] Available at: https://www.cysticfibrosis.org.uk/what-is-cystic-fibrosis/what-causes-cystic-fibrosis#:~:text=There%20are%20over%202%2C000%20known%20mutations%20that%20can%20cause%20CF. [Accessed 7 2023]
  2. cftr2.org (nd). Welcome to CFTR2 | CFTR2. [online] Available at: http://www.cftr2.org/resources [Accessed 7 Mar. 2023]
  3. Singh VK and Schwarzenberg SJ (2017). Pancreatic insufficiency in Cystic Fibrosis. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 16(2), p S70-S78. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2017.06.011
  4. Cystic Fibrosis Trust (2018). Cystic fibrosis diagnosis – how is CF diagnosed? [online] Cysticfibrosis.org.uk. Available at: https://www.cysticfibrosis.org.uk/what-is-cystic-fibrosis/diagnosis
  5. Lemke A (1992). Reproductive issues in adults with cystic fibrosis: Implications for genetic counseling. Journal of Genetic Counseling, [online] 1(3), pp.211– doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00961582
  6. Keogh RH, Szczesniak R, Taylor-Robinson D and Bilton D (2018). Up-to-date and projected estimates of survival for people with cystic fibrosis using baseline characteristics: A longitudinal study using UK patient registry data. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 17(2), p 218-227. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2017.11.019
  7. cfsource.co.uk (nd). Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Information and Resources | CFSource. [online] Available at: https://www.cfsource.co.uk [Accessed 28 Mar. 2023]
  8. Bass R, Brownell JN and Stallings VA (2021). The Impact of Highly Effective CFTR Modulators on Growth and Nutrition Status. Nutrients, 13(9), p.2907. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13092907
  9. Somaraju UR and Solis-Moya A (2014). Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, [online] (10), p.CD008227. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008227.pub2
  10. creon.co.uk (nd). Creon dosing in adults | Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency treatment. [online] Available at: http://www.creon.co.uk/en-gb/hcp/effective-dosing/dosing-and-administration-in-adults [Accessed 31 Mar. 2023]
  11. Cystic Fibrosis Trust. Nutrition Working Group (2002). Nutritional management of cystic fibrosis. Bromley: Cystic Fibrosis Trust, Nutrition Working Group
  12. Khare S, Desimone M, Kasim N and Chan CL (2022). Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: Prevalence, screening and diagnosis. Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology, [online] 27, p 100290. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100290

 

COVER STORY PANCREATIC ENZYME REPLACEMENT THERAPY (PERT) IN PAEDIATRICS: NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS by Caroline Powell RD

  1. CF Trust (2011). Standards for the Clinical Care of Children and Adults with cystic fibrosis in the UK. Second edition. December 2011
  2. Doull I, Course C, Hanks R and Moat S (2018). Newborn Screening for Cystic Fibrosis in Wales over 20 years. Changes in incidence dependent on screening protocol. European Respiratory Society. 15th September 2018
  3. CF Trust (2022). UK Cystic Fibrosis Registry 2021. Annual data report
  4. Vertex Pharmaceuticals, I (2021). Vertex Announces US FDA Acceptance of Supplemental New Drug Application for TRIKAFTA® (elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor and ivacaftor) in Children with Cystic Fibrosis Ages 6 through 11 With Certain Mutations.
  5. Snowball E, Flight W, Heath L and Koutoukidis D (2023). A Paradigm shift in cystic fibrosis nutritional care: Clinicians’ views on the management of patients with overweight and obesity. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 2023 8-30
  6. TAYLOR, C. J., CHEN, K., HORVATH, K., HUGHES, D., LOWE, M. E., MEHTA, D., ORABI, A. I., SCREWS, J., THOMSON, M., VAN BIERVLIET, S., VERKADE, H. J., HUSAIN, S. Z. & WILSCHANSKI, M. 2015. ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN Report on the Assessment of Exocrine Pancreatic Function and Pancreatitis in Children. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, 61, 144-153.
  7. EMC 2023. Section 4.4. Website access: Creon 10000 Capsules - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc) (medicines.org.uk)
  8. CF TRUST 2016. Cystic fibrosis our focus, Nutritional management of Cystic Fibrosis. Second edition – September 2016
  9. 9VIATRIS CONNECT (2022) accessed online. Website: Creon® Dosing and Administration (viatrisconnect.co.uk)
  10. NICE 2017. Cystic fibrosis: diagnosis and management (NG78).
  11. KILINC, A. A., BESER, O. F., UGUR, E. P., COKUGRAS, F. C. & COKUGRAS, H. 2021. The effects of nutritional status and intervention on pulmonary functions in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Pediatrics International, 63, 316-322.
  12. 12   STALLINGS.V., STARK.L, ROBINSON.K, FERANCHAK.A,  & QUINTON.H.2008. Evidence-Based Practice Recommendations for Nutrition-Related Management of Children and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis and Pancreatic Insufficiency: Results of a Systematic Review. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, (2008), 832-839,108(5)
  13. A & MORAN.A. 2013. Update on cystic fibrosis –related diabetes. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis. F014 Jan;13(1):119

 

INTERMITTENT FASTING Sharon Kallos ANutr

  1. Mosley M and Spencer M (2013). The Fast Diet: Lose weight, stay healthy, live longer London: Short Books Ltd
  2. Seimon RV, Roekenes JA, Zibellini J, Zhu B, Gibson AA, Hills AP, Wood RE, King NA, Byrne NM, Sainsbury A (2015). Do intermittent diets provide physiological benefits over continuous diets for weight loss? A systematic review of clinical trials. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 418:153-72
  3. Harris L, Hamilton S, Azevedo LB, Olajide J, De Brún C, Waller G, Whittaker V, Sharp T, Lean M, Hankey C, Ells L (2018). Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JBI Database of Systematic reviews and Implementation Reports 16(2): 507-547
  4. Seimon, RV. Roekenes, JA. Zibellini, J. Zhu, B. Gibson, AA. Hills, AP. Wood, RE. King, NA. Byrne, NM. Sainsbury, A. (2015) Do intermittent diets provide physiological benefits over continuous diets for weight loss? A systematic review of clinical trials Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Vol 418, part 2, 153-172
  5. Templeman, I. Smith, HA. Chowdhury, E. Chen, YC. Carroll, H. Johnson-Bonson, D. Hengist, A. Smith, R. Creighton, J. Betts, JA. (2021) A randomized controlled trial to isolate the effects of fasting and energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic health in lean adults Science Translational Medicine Vol 13 No. 598
  6. Trepanowski, JF. Kroeger, CM. Barnosky, A. Klempel, MC. Bhutani, S. Hoddy, KK. Gabel, K. Freels, S. Rigdon, J. Rood, J. Ravussin, E. Varady, KA. (2017) Effect of Alternate-Day Fasting on Weight Loss, Weight Maintenance, and Cardioprotection Among Metabolically Healthy Obese Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial JAMA Intern Med. 177(7):930-938.
  7. Patikorn, C. Roubal, K.. Veettil, SK. Chandran, V. Pham, T. Lee, YY. Giovannucci, EL. Varady, KA. Chaiyakunapruk, N. (2021) Intermittent Fasting and Obesity-Related Health Outcomes An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses of Randomized Clinical Trials JAMA Network Open.4(12):e2139558.
  8. Thomas, A. Zaman A. Cornie,r MA. Catenacci, VA., Tussey, EJ. Grau, L., Arbet, J. Broussard, JL. Rynders, CA. (2021) Later Meal and Sleep Timing Predicts Higher Percent Body Fat Nutrients 13(1):73
  9. Sutton, EF. Beyl, R. Early, KS. Cefalu, WT. Ravussin, E. and Peterson, CM. (2018) Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even Without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes Cell Metab. 27(6): 1212–1221
  10. Turnbaugh, PJ. Ley, RE. Mahowald, MA. Magrini, V. Mardis, ER. & Gordon, JI. (2006) An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest Nature Vol 444(7122):1027-31 doi:10.1038/nature05414
  11. Su, J. Wang, Y. Zhang, X. Ma, M. Xie, Z. Pan, Q. Ma, Z. Peppelenbosch, MP. (2021). Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome during Ramadan-Associated Intermittent Fasting. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 113(5): 1332–1342.
  12. Albrecht U. (2017) The circadian clock, metabolism and obesity Obesity Reviews Suppl 1: 25–33,
  13. Özkul, C. Yalınay, M. & Karakan, T. (2019 ) Islamic fasting leads to an increased abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group: A preliminary study on intermittent fasting Turk J Gastroenterol 30(12): 1030-1035
  14. Ottman, N. Reunanen, J. Meijerink, M. Pietila¨, TE. Kainulainen, V. Klievink/ J. et al. (2017) Pili-like proteins of Akkermansia muciniphila modulate host immune responses and gut barrier function. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0173004. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173004
  15. Canani, RB. Di Costanzo, M. Leone, L. Pedata, M. Meli, R. & Calignano, A. (2011) Potential beneficial effects of butyrate in intestinal and extraintestinal diseases World J Gastroenterol 17(12): 1519-1528
  16. Flemer, B. Warren, RD. Barrett, MP. Cisek, K. Das, A. Jeffery, IB. Hurley, E. Micheal, OR. Shanahan, F. & Paul, WT. (2018) The oral microbiota in colorectal cancer is distinctive and predictive. Gut 67(8):1454–1463
  17. Moon S, Kang J, Kim SH, Chung HS, Kim YJ, Yu JM, Cho ST, Oh CM and Kim T (2020). Beneficial Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Metabolic Diseases: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 12(5): 1267
  18. Sutton EF. Beyl R. Early KS. Cefalu WT, Ravussin E & Peterson CM (2018). Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even Without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes Cell Metab. 27(6): 1212-1221

 

SALT AND FAST FOOD: IS ENOUGH BEING DONE TO TACKLE THE PROBLEM? Kelly Light MSc, ANutr

  1. WHO (2023). Hypertension. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension
  2. NHS (2019). High blood pressure (hypertension). https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/high-blood-pressure-hypertension/
  3. Action on Salt (date unknown). Salt and your health. https://www.actiononsalt.org.uk/salthealth/
  4. Public Health England (2020). National Diet and Nutrition Survey. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/876252/Report_England_Sodium_Survey_2018-to-2019__3_.pdf
  5. Lumina Intelligence (2022). The market and consumer trends shaping the future for UK quick service restaurants. https://www.lumina-intelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/The-market-and-consumer-trends-shaping-the-future-for-UK-quick-service-restaurants.pdf
  6. IGD (2022). UK food-to-go market recovers faster than anticipated but challenges lie ahead, forecasts IGD. https://www.igd.com/articles/article-viewer/t/uk-food-to-go-market-recovers-faster-than-anticipated-but-challenges-lie-ahead-forecasts-igd/i/29969
  7. British Health Foundation (date unknown). How much salt is in your fast-food meal? https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/nutrition/sugar-salt-and-fat/salt-in-fast-food-meals
  8. Public Health England (2020). Salt reduction targets for 2024. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/915406/2024_salt_reduction_targets_070920-FINAL-1.pdf
  9. WHO (2023). Massive efforts needed to reduce salt intake and protect lives. https://www.who.int/news/item/09-03-2023-massive-efforts-needed-to-reduce-salt-intake-and-protect-lives

 

EXPLORING ‘REAL FOOD’ BLENDED DIETS IN ENTERAL FEEDING by Joanna Injore RD

  1. Weeks C. Home Blenderised Tube Feeding: A Practical Guide for Clinical Practice. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019 Feb; 10(2):e00001. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6602605/. Accessed:20.04.2023
  2. Cantwell L and Ellahi BSL. The Use and Experience of Registered Dietitians with Blended Diets given via a Gastrostomy in the UK. ESPEN, Clinical Nutrition, Vol 22, p 116-117. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.07.007). Accessed:20.04.2023
  3. Durnan S, Kennedy A, Kennedy D, Stanley R, Donohoe S, Thomas S, Constable L (2021). Practice Toolkit: The Use of Blended Diet with Enteral Feeding Tubes. British Dietetic Association. Available at: https://www.bda.uk.com/uploads/assets/33331d33-21d4-47a5-bbb79142980766a7/FINAL-Practice-Toolkit-The-Use-of-Blended-Diet-with-Enteral-Feeding-Tubes-NOV-2021.pdf. Accessed:20.04.2023
  4. Pentiuk S, O'Flaherty T, Santoro K, Willging P, Kaul A. Pureed by gastrostomy tube diet improves gagging and retching in children with fundoplication. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011 May; 35(3): 375-9. doi: 10.1177/0148607110377797. PMID: 21527599
  5. Gallagher K, Flint A, Mouzaki M, Carpenter A, Haliburton B, Bannister RD, Norgrove H, Hoffman OT, Mack D, Stintzi A,Marcon M. Blenderised Enteral Nutrition Diet study: Feasibility, Clinical and Microbiome Outcomes of Providing Blenderised Feeds through a Gastric Tube in a Medically Complex Pediatric Population. 6, 2018, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Vol 42, pp 1046-1060. Available at: https://aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpen.1049. Accessed:20.04.2023
  6. McCormack S, Patel K, Smith C. Blended diet for enteral tube feeding in young people: A systematic review of the benefits and complications. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2023 Jan 24. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jhn.13143. Accessed:20.04.2023
  7. Launch of BDA Practice Toolkit: The Use of Blended Diet with Enteral Feeding Tubes. https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/launch-of-bda-practice-toolkit-the-use-of-blended-diet-with-enteral-feeding-tubes.html. Accessed:20.04.2023
  8. Nestle Health Science. Compleat® Paediatric for Health Care Professionals. https://www.nestlehealthscience.co.uk/brands/compleat/compleat-paediatric-hcp. Accessed:20.04.2023

AGEING AND NUTRITION by Shazia Faisal

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  4. Jin K. Modern Biological Theories of Aging. Aging Dis. 2010 Oct 1;1(2):72-74. PMID: 21132086; PMCID: PMC2995895.
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  9. Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Baiamonte E, Guarrera M, Parisi A, Ruffolo C, Tagliaferri F, Barbagallo M. Healthy Aging and Dietary Patterns. Nutrients. 2022 Feb 20;14(4):889. doi: 10.3390/nu14040889. PMID: 35215539; PMCID: PMC8879056.
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  11. Landi F, Calvani R, Tosato M, Martone AM, Ortolani E, Savera G, Sisto A, Marzetti E. Anorexia of Aging: Risk Factors, Consequences, and Potential Treatments. Nutrients. 2016 Jan 27;8(2):69. doi: 10.3390/nu8020069. PMID: 26828516; PMCID: PMC4772033.
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  13. Higashi, Y., Kihara, Y. & Noma, K. Endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in aging. Hypertens Res 35, 1039–1047 (2012).
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THE ROLE OF MAGNESIUM IN INSULIN RESISTANCE by Michael Sweeney, RD

  1. Kahn, B.B. and Flier, J.S. (2000). Obesity and insulin resistance. Journal of Clinical Investigation, [online] 106(4), pp.473–481. doi:https://doi.org/10.1172/jci10842.
  2. Sakurai, Y., Kubota, N., Yamauchi, T. and Kadowaki, T. (2021). Role of Insulin Resistance in MAFLD. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(8), p.4156. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084156.
  3. Amisi, C.A. (2022). Markers of insulin resistance in Polycystic ovary syndrome women: An update. World Journal of Diabetes, 13(3), pp.129–149. doi:https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.129.
  4. Adeva-Andany, M.M., Martínez-Rodríguez, J., González-Lucán, M., Fernández-Fernández, C. and Castro-Quintela, E. (2019). Insulin resistance is a cardiovascular risk factor in humans. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 13(2), pp.1449–1455. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2019.02.023.
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  6. Kellar, D. and Craft, S. (2020). Brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. The Lancet Neurology, [online] 19(9), pp.758–766. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30231-3.
  7. Sędzikowska, A. and Szablewski, L. (2021). Insulin and Insulin Resistance in Alzheimer’s Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(18), p.9987. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189987
  8. Fernandes, B.S., Salagre, E., Enduru, N., Grande, I., Vieta, E. and Zhao, Z. (2022). Insulin resistance in depression: A large meta-analysis of metabolic parameters and variation. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 139, p.104758. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104758.
  9. Rashidian, H., Subramaniapillai, M., Park, C., Lipsitz, O., Zuckerman, H., Teopiz, K., Cao, B., Lee, Y., Gill, H., Ho, R., Lin, K., Rodrigues, N.B., Iacobucci, M., Rosenblat, J.D., McIntyre, R.S. and Mansur, R.B. (2021). Insulin resistance is associated with deficits in hedonic, self-reported cognitive, and psychosocial functional response to antidepressant treatment in individuals with major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, pp.448–453. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.074.
  10. Arcidiacono, B., Iiritano, S., Nocera, A., Possidente, K., Nevolo, M.T., Ventura, V., Foti, D., Chiefari, E. and Brunetti, A. (2012). Insulin Resistance and Cancer Risk: An Overview of the Pathogenetic Mechanisms. Experimental Diabetes Research, 2012, pp.1–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/789174.
  11. DiNicolantonio, J.J., O’Keefe, J.H. and Wilson, W. (2018). Subclinical magnesium deficiency: a principal driver of cardiovascular disease and a public health crisis. Open Heart, [online] 5(1), p.e000668. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2017-000668.
  12. Kirkland, A., Sarlo, G. and Holton, K. (2018). The Role of Magnesium in Neurological Disorders. Nutrients, [online] 10(6), p.730. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060730.
  13. 13​​Kostov, K. (2019). Effects of Magnesium Deficiency on Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: Focusing on the Processes of Insulin Secretion and Signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(6), p.1351. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061351.
  14. Ferrannini, E., Natali, A., Bell, P., Cavallo-Perin, P., Lalic, N. and Mingrone, G. (1997). Insulin resistance and hypersecretion in obesity. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Journal of Clinical Investigation, 100(5), pp.1166–1173. doi:https://doi.org/10.1172/jci119628
  15. Djurhuus, M.S., Skøtt, P., Hother-Nielsen, O., Klitgaard, N.A.H. and Beck-Nielsen, H. (1995). Insulin Increases Renal Magnesium Excretion: A Possible Cause of Magnesium Depletion in Hyperinsulinaemic States. Diabetic Medicine, 12(8), pp.664–669. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1995.tb00566.x.
  16. Simental-Mendía, L.E., Sahebkar, A., Rodríguez-Morán, M. and Guerrero-Romero, F. (2016). A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effects of magnesium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and glucose control. Pharmacological Research, 111, pp.272–282. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.019.
  17. 17Rodríguez-Morán, M., Simental-Mendía, L.E., Gamboa-Gómez, C.I. and Guerrero-Romero, F. (2018). Oral Magnesium Supplementation and Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, 25(3), pp.261–266. doi:https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2018.02.011.
  18. 18Askari, M., Mozaffari, H., Jafari, A., Ghanbari, M. and Darooghegi Mofrad, M. (2020). The effects of magnesium supplementation on obesity measures in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, pp.1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1790498.
  19. Cazzola, R., Della Porta, M., Manoni, M., Iotti, S., Pinotti, L. and Maier, J.A. (2020). Going to the roots of reduced magnesium dietary intake: A tradeoff between climate changes and sources. Heliyon, 6(11), p.e05390. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05390.
  20. Gillis, L. and Gillis, A. (2005). Nutrient Inadequacy in Obese and Non-Obese Youth. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 66(4), pp.237–242. doi:https://doi.org/10.3148/66.4.2005.237.
  21. 21Cohen, L. and Kitzes, R. (1981). Infrared spectroscopy and magnesium content of bone mineral in osteoporotic women. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, [online] 17(12), pp.1123–1125. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7327911/
  22. Lima, M. de L., Pousada, J., Barbosa, C. and Cruz, T. (2005). Magnesium deficiency and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, [online] 49, pp.959–963. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-27302005000600016.
  23. 23Derbyshire, E. (2018). Micronutrient Intakes of British Adults Across Mid-Life: A Secondary Analysis of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Frontiers in Nutrition, 5. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2018.00055.
  24. Abbott, L.G. and Rude, R.K. (1993). Clinical manifestations of magnesium deficiency. Mineral and Electrolyte Metabolism, [online] 19(4-5), pp.314–322. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8264519/

 

COW’S MILK ALLERGY IN INFANCY: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OPTIONS by Hazel Duncan RD

  1. Rona RJ, Keil T, Summers C et al (2007). The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol; 120: 638-46
  2. Vincent R, MacNeill SJ, Marrs T, Craven J, Logan K, Flohr C, Lack G, Radulovic S, Perkin MR, Ridd MJ (2021). Frequency of guideline-defined cow's milk allergy symptoms in infants: Secondary analysis of EAT trial data. First published: 07 December 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.14060
  3. Fox A et al (2019). The Milk Allergy in Primary Care (MAP) Guideline 2019.An update to the milk allergy in primary care guideline. Clin Trans Allergy. 9: 40. https://ctajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13601-019-0281-8
  4. Luyt D, Ball H, Makwana N et al (2014). BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of cow’s milk allergy. Clin Exp Allergy; 44 (5) 642-672
  5. NICE (2019). Cow’s Milk Allergy in Children. Accessed online https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/cows-milk-allergy-in-children/ (April 2023)
  6. Allen HI et al (2022). Detection and management of milk allergy: Delphi consensus study. Clin Exp Allergy; 52 (7): 848-858
  7. Chief Medical Officer Update 37. Soy Formula. London: Department of Health, 2004
  8. Klemola T, Vanto T, Juntunen-Backman K et al. Allergy to soy formula and to extensively hydrolysed whey formula in infants with cow’s milk allergy: a prospective, randomised study with a follow-up to the age of 2 years. J Pediatr, 2002, 140 219-24
  9. The iMAP milk ladder: https://gpifn.files.wordpress.com/2019/10/imap_final_ladder-may_2017_original.pdf

 

ARE PLANT-BASED DIETS REALLY WORTH THE HYPE? by Ellie-May Evans RD

  1. Tuso PJ et al (2013). Nutritional update for physicians: Plant-based diets. The Permanente Journal, 17(2), p 61-66. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7812/tpp/12-085
  2. Kim H et al (2019). Plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of incident cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality in a general population of middle-aged adults. Journal of the American Heart Association, 8(16). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.119.012865
  3. 3Tong, T.Y. et al. (2019) “Risks of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in meat eaters, fish eaters, and vegetarians over 18 years of follow-up: Results from the prospective epic-oxford study,” BMJ, p. l4897. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4897.
  4. Rose, S. (2017) “The prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a plant-based diet,” Endocrinology & Metabolism International Journal, 5(5). Available at: https://doi.org/10.15406/emij.2017.05.00138.
  5. Johannesen, C.O. et al. (2020) “Effects of plant-based diets on outcomes related to glucose metabolism: A systematic review,” Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Volume 13, pp. 2811–2822. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s265982.
  6. Bouvard, V. et al. (2015) “Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat,” The Lancet Oncology, 16(16), pp. 1599–1600. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00444-1.
  7. Key, T.J. et al. (2014) “Cancer in British vegetarians: Updated analyses of 4998 incident cancers in a cohort of 32,491 meat eaters, 8612 fish eaters, 18,298 vegetarians, and 2246 vegans,,,” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.071266.
  8. Kim, H. et al. (2021) “Plant-based diets, pescatarian diets and COVID-19 severity: A population-based case–control study in six countries,” BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, 4(1), pp. 257–266. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000272.
  9. Merino, J. et al. (2021) “Diet quality and risk and severity of COVID-19: A prospective cohort study.” Available at: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.24.21259283.
  10. Kahleova, H. and Barnard, N.D. (2022) “Can a plant-based diet help mitigate covid-19?,” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76(7), pp. 911–912. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-022-01082-w.
  11. Medawar, E. et al. (2019) “The effects of plant-based diets on the body and the brain: A systematic review,” Translational Psychiatry, 9(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0552-0.
  12. Craig, W.J. et al. (2021) “The safe and effective use of plant-based diets with guidelines for health professionals,” Nutrients, 13(11), p. 4144. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114144.
  13. Scientific Advisory Committee of Nutrition (2016) Vitamin D and Health. London: The Stationery Office
  14. - Willett, W. et al. (2019) “Food in the anthropocene: The eat–lancet commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems,” The Lancet, 393(10170), pp. 447–492. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31788-4.
  15. Vanham, D. et al. (2018) “The water footprint of different diets within European sub-national geographical entities,” Nature Sustainability, 1(9), pp. 518–525. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0133-x.
  16. Harris, F. et al. (2020) “The water footprint of diets: A global systematic review and meta-analysis,” Advances in Nutrition, 11(2), pp. 375–386. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz091.
  17. Petrie, J.R., Guzik, T.J. and Touyz, R.M. (2018) “Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: Clinical insights and vascular mechanisms,” Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 34(5), pp. 575–584. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2017.12.005.
  18. Pais, D.F., Marques, A.C. and Fuinhas, J.A. (2021) “Drivers of a new dietary transition towards a sustainable and Healthy Future,” Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 3, p. 100025. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2021.100025
  19. Lusk, J.L. and Norwood, F.B. (2016) “Some vegetarians spend less money on food, others don't,” Ecological Economics, 130, pp. 232–242. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.07.005
  20. Springmann, M. et al. (2021) “The global and regional costs of healthy and sustainable dietary patterns: A modelling study,” The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(11). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00251-5

 

THE LAST WORD by Fareeha Jay RD

  1. National Health service (2020). Health Survey for England, Available at: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england
  2. National Health service (2020). Obesity. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/obesity/
  3. Hurkmans E, Matthys C, Bogaerts A, Scheys L, Devloo K and Seghers J (2018). Face-to-Face Versus Mobile Versus Blended Weight Loss Program: Randomised Clinical Trial. Journal of medical internet research, 6(1). Available at: doi:2196/mhealth.7713
  4. Sutarsa I, Kasim R, Steward B, Donohue S, Slimings C, Dykgraaf S and Barnard A (2021). Implications of telehealth services for healthcare delivery and access in rural and remote communities: perceptions of patients and general practitioners. Australian Journal of Primary Health. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1071/PY21162
  5. Mann C, Turner A and Salisbury C (2021). The impact of remote consultations on personalised care. Personalised Care Institute, Available at : https://arc-w.nihr.ac.uk/Wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Remote-consultation-briefing-website-final.pdf (Accessed : 17 April 2027)
  6. National Health Service (No date). The NHS digital weight management programme. Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/digital-weight-management/my fitness pal
  7. Oviva (No date). Tier 2 Weight Management. Available at: https://oviva.com/uk/en/programmes/tier-2-weight-management/
  8. Thrive Tribe (2021). Weight Management Provider. Available at: https://oviva.com/uk/en/programmes/tier-2-weight-management/
  9. Second Nature (2022). Second nature isn’t a diet, it’s a lifestyle change. Available at: https://www.secondnature.io/?utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=brand&campaignid=15169067501&adgroupid=126229061021&adid=570804578847&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIqdGPp5-2-wIVJe_tCh0xzg_AEAAYASAAEgLNZPD_BwE
  10. Kelly J, Farinelli M, Chen J, Partridge S and Collins C (2020). Dietitians Australia position statement on telehealth. Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol 77, Issue 4, p 406-415. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12619
  11. Greehhalgh T, Vijayaraghawan S, Wherton J, Shaw S, Byrne E, Richards D, Bhattacharya S, Hanson P, Ramoutar S, Gutteridge C, Hodkinson I, Collard A and Morris J (2016). Virtual online consultations: advantages and limitations (VOCAL). BMJ, Vol 6, Issue 1. Available at: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/1/e009388 (Accessed: 14 December 2022)
  12. Falter F, Arenas A, Maples G, Smith C, Lamb L, Anderson M, Uzzell E, Jacobs L, Cason X, Griffis T, Polzin M and Wafa M (2022). Making Room for Zoom in Focus Group Methods: Opportunities and Challenges for Novice Researchers. Qualitative Social Research, Vol 23, No 1. Available at: DOI:https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-23.1.3768
  13. Skype (2022). Protecting your online safety, security, and privacy. Available at: https://support.skype.com/en/faq/FA34649/protecting-your-online-safety-security-and-privacy
  14. Cliffe M, Battista E and Bishop S (2020). Can you see me? Participant experience of accessing a weight management programme via group videoconference to overcome barriers to engagement. Health Expectations, p 66-76. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13148
  15. Singh A, Shanker H, Singh A, Agarwal M, Kaur P (2018). Online medical consultation: a review. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. Available at: DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181195
  16. Rollo M, Burrows T, Vincze L, Harvey J, Collins C and Hutchesso M (2018). Cost evaluation of providing evidence-based dietetic services for weight management in adults: In-person versus e-Health delivery. Nutrition, and dietetics; p 35-43. Available at: Doi: 10.1111/1747-0080.12335
  17. Hughes G (2021). Weighing up the pros and cons – patients’ views and experiences of video consultations. Nuffield Department of Primary Care. Available at : https://www.phc.ox.ac.uk/news/blog/weighing-up-the-pros-and-cons-patients2019-views-and-experiences-of-video-consultations (Accessed: 14 April 2023)
  18. Im E, Chang SJ, Chee W, Chee E (2021). Attitudes of women in midlife to web-based interventions for promoting physical activity. J Telemed Telecare, 18(7), p 419-22. Available at: doi:10.1258/jtt.2012.120514
  19. Johnson K, Alencar M, Coakley K, Swift D, Cole N, Mermier C, Kravitz L, Anorim F and Gibson A (2018). Telemedicine-Based Health Coaching Is Effective for Inducing Weight Loss and Improving Metabolic Markers. Telemedicine and e-health, p 85-92. Available at: doi: 10.1089/tmj.2018.0002
  20. Banbury A, Nancarrow S, Dart J, Gray L and Parkinson L (2018). Telehealth Interventions Delivering Home-based Support Group Videoconferencing: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5816261/ (Accessed: 14 April 2023)